WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review
Cemented carbides have belonged to the most important engineering materials since their invention in the 1920s. Commonly, they consist of hard WC grains embedded in a cobalt-based ductile binder. Recently, attempts have been made to substitute the cobalt using multicomponent alloys without a princip...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/1/171 |
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| author | Boris Straumal Igor Konyashin |
| author_facet | Boris Straumal Igor Konyashin |
| author_sort | Boris Straumal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cemented carbides have belonged to the most important engineering materials since their invention in the 1920s. Commonly, they consist of hard WC grains embedded in a cobalt-based ductile binder. Recently, attempts have been made to substitute the cobalt using multicomponent alloys without a principal component (also known as high entropy alloys—HEAs). HEAs usually contain at least five components in more or less equal amounts. The substitution of a cobalt binder with HEAs can lead to the refinement of WC grains; it increases the hardness, fracture toughness, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of cemented carbides. For example, a hardness of 2358 HV, fracture toughness of 12.1 MPa.m<sup>1/2</sup> and compression strength of 5420 MPa were reached for a WC-based cemented carbide with 20 wt.% of the equimolar AlFeCoNiCrTi HEA with a bcc lattice. The cemented carbide with 10 wt.% of the Co<sub>27</sub>.<sub>4</sub>Cr<sub>13</sub>.<sub>8</sub>Fe<sub>27</sub>.<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>27</sub>.<sub>4</sub>Mo<sub>4</sub> HEA with an fcc lattice had a hardness of 2141 HV and fracture toughness of 10.5 MPa.m<sup>1/2</sup>. These values are higher than those for the typical WC–10 wt.% Co composite. The substitution of Co with HEAs also influences the phase transitions in the binder (between the fcc, bcc and hcp phases). These phase transformations can be successfully used for the purposeful modifications of the properties of the WC-HEA cemented carbides. The shape of the WC/binder interfaces (e.g., their faceting–roughening) can influence the mechanical properties of cemented carbides. The most possible reason for such a behavior is the modification of conditions for dislocation glide as well as the development and growth of cracks at the last stages of deformation. Thus, the substitution of a cobalt binder with HEAs is very promising for the further development of cemented carbides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:40:54Z |
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| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:40:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-0fb2f0d20cc247c39896de79c2b451022023-11-30T23:31:43ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012023-01-0113117110.3390/met13010171WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A ReviewBoris Straumal0Igor Konyashin1Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan Str. 2, 142432 Chernogolovka, RussiaElement Six GmbH, Staedeweg 18-24, 36151 Burghaun, GermanyCemented carbides have belonged to the most important engineering materials since their invention in the 1920s. Commonly, they consist of hard WC grains embedded in a cobalt-based ductile binder. Recently, attempts have been made to substitute the cobalt using multicomponent alloys without a principal component (also known as high entropy alloys—HEAs). HEAs usually contain at least five components in more or less equal amounts. The substitution of a cobalt binder with HEAs can lead to the refinement of WC grains; it increases the hardness, fracture toughness, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of cemented carbides. For example, a hardness of 2358 HV, fracture toughness of 12.1 MPa.m<sup>1/2</sup> and compression strength of 5420 MPa were reached for a WC-based cemented carbide with 20 wt.% of the equimolar AlFeCoNiCrTi HEA with a bcc lattice. The cemented carbide with 10 wt.% of the Co<sub>27</sub>.<sub>4</sub>Cr<sub>13</sub>.<sub>8</sub>Fe<sub>27</sub>.<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>27</sub>.<sub>4</sub>Mo<sub>4</sub> HEA with an fcc lattice had a hardness of 2141 HV and fracture toughness of 10.5 MPa.m<sup>1/2</sup>. These values are higher than those for the typical WC–10 wt.% Co composite. The substitution of Co with HEAs also influences the phase transitions in the binder (between the fcc, bcc and hcp phases). These phase transformations can be successfully used for the purposeful modifications of the properties of the WC-HEA cemented carbides. The shape of the WC/binder interfaces (e.g., their faceting–roughening) can influence the mechanical properties of cemented carbides. The most possible reason for such a behavior is the modification of conditions for dislocation glide as well as the development and growth of cracks at the last stages of deformation. Thus, the substitution of a cobalt binder with HEAs is very promising for the further development of cemented carbides.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/1/171cemented carbidesbinderhigh-entropy alloysgrain boundary wettingphase transitionsphase diagrams |
| spellingShingle | Boris Straumal Igor Konyashin WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review Metals cemented carbides binder high-entropy alloys grain boundary wetting phase transitions phase diagrams |
| title | WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review |
| title_full | WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review |
| title_fullStr | WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review |
| title_short | WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review |
| title_sort | wc based cemented carbides with high entropy alloyed binders a review |
| topic | cemented carbides binder high-entropy alloys grain boundary wetting phase transitions phase diagrams |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/1/171 |
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