Distinct Antibody Responses to Endemic Coronaviruses Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kenyan Infants and Mothers
Pre-existing antibodies that bind endemic human coronaviruses (eHCoVs) can cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, which is the betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19, but whether these responses influence SARS-CoV-2 infection is still under investigation and is particularly understudied in infants. In this stud...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1517 |
| _version_ | 1797414912764411904 |
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| author | Caitlin I. Stoddard Kevin Sung Ednah Ojee Judith Adhiambo Emily R. Begnel Jennifer Slyker Soren Gantt Frederick A. Matsen John Kinuthia Dalton Wamalwa Julie Overbaugh Dara A. Lehman |
| author_facet | Caitlin I. Stoddard Kevin Sung Ednah Ojee Judith Adhiambo Emily R. Begnel Jennifer Slyker Soren Gantt Frederick A. Matsen John Kinuthia Dalton Wamalwa Julie Overbaugh Dara A. Lehman |
| author_sort | Caitlin I. Stoddard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pre-existing antibodies that bind endemic human coronaviruses (eHCoVs) can cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, which is the betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19, but whether these responses influence SARS-CoV-2 infection is still under investigation and is particularly understudied in infants. In this study, we measured eHCoV and SARS-CoV-1 IgG antibody titers before and after SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in a cohort of Kenyan women and their infants. Pre-existing eHCoV antibody binding titers were not consistently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in infants or mothers; however, we observed a very modest association between pre-existing HCoV-229E antibody levels and a lack of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the infants. After seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2, antibody binding titers to the endemic betacoronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, and the highly pathogenic betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-1, but not the endemic alphacoronaviruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63, increased in the mothers. However, eHCoV antibody levels did not increase following SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the infants, suggesting the increase seen in the mothers was not simply due to cross-reactivity to naively generated SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In contrast, the levels of antibodies that could bind SARS-CoV-1 increased after SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in both the mothers and infants, both of whom were unlikely to have had a prior SARS-CoV-1 infection, supporting prior findings that SARS-CoV-2 responses cross-react with SARS-CoV-1. In summary, we found evidence of increased eHCoV antibody levels following SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the mothers but not the infants, suggesting eHCoV responses can be boosted by SARS-CoV-2 infection when a prior memory response has been established, and that pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies are not strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in mothers or infants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:41:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0fda20ec454a4d9ba721a740492e5b8d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:41:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-0fda20ec454a4d9ba721a740492e5b8d2023-12-03T12:24:22ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-07-01147151710.3390/v14071517Distinct Antibody Responses to Endemic Coronaviruses Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kenyan Infants and MothersCaitlin I. Stoddard0Kevin Sung1Ednah Ojee2Judith Adhiambo3Emily R. Begnel4Jennifer Slyker5Soren Gantt6Frederick A. Matsen7John Kinuthia8Dalton Wamalwa9Julie Overbaugh10Dara A. Lehman11Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USAPublic Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USADepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, KenyaDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, KenyaDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADépartement de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, CanadaPublic Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USADepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, KenyaHuman Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USAHuman Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USAPre-existing antibodies that bind endemic human coronaviruses (eHCoVs) can cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, which is the betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19, but whether these responses influence SARS-CoV-2 infection is still under investigation and is particularly understudied in infants. In this study, we measured eHCoV and SARS-CoV-1 IgG antibody titers before and after SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in a cohort of Kenyan women and their infants. Pre-existing eHCoV antibody binding titers were not consistently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in infants or mothers; however, we observed a very modest association between pre-existing HCoV-229E antibody levels and a lack of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the infants. After seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2, antibody binding titers to the endemic betacoronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, and the highly pathogenic betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-1, but not the endemic alphacoronaviruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63, increased in the mothers. However, eHCoV antibody levels did not increase following SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the infants, suggesting the increase seen in the mothers was not simply due to cross-reactivity to naively generated SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In contrast, the levels of antibodies that could bind SARS-CoV-1 increased after SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in both the mothers and infants, both of whom were unlikely to have had a prior SARS-CoV-1 infection, supporting prior findings that SARS-CoV-2 responses cross-react with SARS-CoV-1. In summary, we found evidence of increased eHCoV antibody levels following SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the mothers but not the infants, suggesting eHCoV responses can be boosted by SARS-CoV-2 infection when a prior memory response has been established, and that pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies are not strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in mothers or infants.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1517SARS-CoV-2endemicinfantsmothersKenyacross-reactive |
| spellingShingle | Caitlin I. Stoddard Kevin Sung Ednah Ojee Judith Adhiambo Emily R. Begnel Jennifer Slyker Soren Gantt Frederick A. Matsen John Kinuthia Dalton Wamalwa Julie Overbaugh Dara A. Lehman Distinct Antibody Responses to Endemic Coronaviruses Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kenyan Infants and Mothers Viruses SARS-CoV-2 endemic infants mothers Kenya cross-reactive |
| title | Distinct Antibody Responses to Endemic Coronaviruses Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kenyan Infants and Mothers |
| title_full | Distinct Antibody Responses to Endemic Coronaviruses Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kenyan Infants and Mothers |
| title_fullStr | Distinct Antibody Responses to Endemic Coronaviruses Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kenyan Infants and Mothers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinct Antibody Responses to Endemic Coronaviruses Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kenyan Infants and Mothers |
| title_short | Distinct Antibody Responses to Endemic Coronaviruses Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kenyan Infants and Mothers |
| title_sort | distinct antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses pre and post sars cov 2 infection in kenyan infants and mothers |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 endemic infants mothers Kenya cross-reactive |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1517 |
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