Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
Natalia Horstmann Risso,1 Cheila Denise Ottonelli Stopiglia,2 Marília Teresa Oliveira,1 Sandra Elisa Haas,2 Tamara Ramos Maciel,2 Natália Reginatto Lazzari,3 Edilson Luis Kelmer,3 Jorge Abrão Pinto Vilela,3 Diego Vilibaldo Beckmann1 1Postgraduate Program in Animal Sc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2020-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/chlorhexidine-nanoemulsion-a-new-antiseptic-formulation-peer-reviewed-article-IJN |
| _version_ | 1818696177054384128 |
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| author | Horstmann Risso N Ottonelli Stopiglia CD Oliveira MT Haas SE Ramos Maciel T Reginatto Lazzari N Kelmer EL Pinto Vilela JA Beckmann DV |
| author_facet | Horstmann Risso N Ottonelli Stopiglia CD Oliveira MT Haas SE Ramos Maciel T Reginatto Lazzari N Kelmer EL Pinto Vilela JA Beckmann DV |
| author_sort | Horstmann Risso N |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natalia Horstmann Risso,1 Cheila Denise Ottonelli Stopiglia,2 Marília Teresa Oliveira,1 Sandra Elisa Haas,2 Tamara Ramos Maciel,2 Natália Reginatto Lazzari,3 Edilson Luis Kelmer,3 Jorge Abrão Pinto Vilela,3 Diego Vilibaldo Beckmann1 1Postgraduate Program in Animal Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Brazil; 2Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; 3Veterinary Medicine Course, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, BrazilCorrespondence: Diego Vilibaldo BeckmannBR 472 - Km 585, Campus UNIPAMPA-Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS 97501-970, BrazilTel +55 55999725509Fax +55 5539110204Email diegobeckmann@unipampa.edu.brIntroduction: Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v).Methods: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5mg/mL) and free chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (FCN; same composition of NM-Cl without the molecule of chlorhexidine) were synthetized by the spontaneous emulsification method. Characterization analyses of physical and chemical properties were performed. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was compared with chlorhexidine 0.5% alcohol base (CS-Cl 0.5%) in vitro studies (microdilution study and kill curve study), and in vivo study (antisepsis of rats dorsum). Kruskal–Wallis test was used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times and the Mann–Whitney test was performed when difference was detected.Results: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented adequate physicochemical characteristics for a nanoemulsion, revealing a more basic pH than FCN and difference between zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and FCN. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5% solutions were more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria (p≤ 0.05). NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented upper antiseptic effect in the microdilution study and residual antiseptic effect was maintained for a longer time when compared to CS-Cl 0.5% (kill curve study). The four-fold (minimal inhibitory concentration) of NM-Cl 0.25% were the formulations with most durable effect within those tested, presenting residual effect until T6 for both bacteria. In the in vivo study, both formulations (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5%) had a reduction of the microorganisms in the skin of the rats (p< 0.0001) not revealing any difference between the formulations at different times, showing the antiseptic effect of NM-Cl (p≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NM-Cl showed promising future as an antiseptic for cutaneous microbiota.Keywords: antisepsis, cutaneous microbiota, nanoformulation, nanotechnology |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T13:57:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0fdc088d716043289824ab5477c17587 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-2013 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T13:57:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-0fdc088d716043289824ab5477c175872022-12-21T21:45:52ZengDove Medical PressInternational Journal of Nanomedicine1178-20132020-09-01Volume 156935694457257Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic FormulationHorstmann Risso NOttonelli Stopiglia CDOliveira MTHaas SERamos Maciel TReginatto Lazzari NKelmer ELPinto Vilela JABeckmann DVNatalia Horstmann Risso,1 Cheila Denise Ottonelli Stopiglia,2 Marília Teresa Oliveira,1 Sandra Elisa Haas,2 Tamara Ramos Maciel,2 Natália Reginatto Lazzari,3 Edilson Luis Kelmer,3 Jorge Abrão Pinto Vilela,3 Diego Vilibaldo Beckmann1 1Postgraduate Program in Animal Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Brazil; 2Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; 3Veterinary Medicine Course, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, BrazilCorrespondence: Diego Vilibaldo BeckmannBR 472 - Km 585, Campus UNIPAMPA-Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS 97501-970, BrazilTel +55 55999725509Fax +55 5539110204Email diegobeckmann@unipampa.edu.brIntroduction: Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v).Methods: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5mg/mL) and free chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (FCN; same composition of NM-Cl without the molecule of chlorhexidine) were synthetized by the spontaneous emulsification method. Characterization analyses of physical and chemical properties were performed. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was compared with chlorhexidine 0.5% alcohol base (CS-Cl 0.5%) in vitro studies (microdilution study and kill curve study), and in vivo study (antisepsis of rats dorsum). Kruskal–Wallis test was used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times and the Mann–Whitney test was performed when difference was detected.Results: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented adequate physicochemical characteristics for a nanoemulsion, revealing a more basic pH than FCN and difference between zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and FCN. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5% solutions were more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria (p≤ 0.05). NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented upper antiseptic effect in the microdilution study and residual antiseptic effect was maintained for a longer time when compared to CS-Cl 0.5% (kill curve study). The four-fold (minimal inhibitory concentration) of NM-Cl 0.25% were the formulations with most durable effect within those tested, presenting residual effect until T6 for both bacteria. In the in vivo study, both formulations (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5%) had a reduction of the microorganisms in the skin of the rats (p< 0.0001) not revealing any difference between the formulations at different times, showing the antiseptic effect of NM-Cl (p≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NM-Cl showed promising future as an antiseptic for cutaneous microbiota.Keywords: antisepsis, cutaneous microbiota, nanoformulation, nanotechnologyhttps://www.dovepress.com/chlorhexidine-nanoemulsion-a-new-antiseptic-formulation-peer-reviewed-article-IJNantisepsiscutaneous microbiotananoformulationnanotechnology. |
| spellingShingle | Horstmann Risso N Ottonelli Stopiglia CD Oliveira MT Haas SE Ramos Maciel T Reginatto Lazzari N Kelmer EL Pinto Vilela JA Beckmann DV Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation International Journal of Nanomedicine antisepsis cutaneous microbiota nanoformulation nanotechnology. |
| title | Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation |
| title_full | Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation |
| title_fullStr | Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation |
| title_short | Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation |
| title_sort | chlorhexidine nanoemulsion a new antiseptic formulation |
| topic | antisepsis cutaneous microbiota nanoformulation nanotechnology. |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/chlorhexidine-nanoemulsion-a-new-antiseptic-formulation-peer-reviewed-article-IJN |
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