Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, the therapeutic approach still has limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidativ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/1/180 |
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| author | Angelica Varesi Lucrezia Irene Maria Campagnoli Adelaide Carrara Ilaria Pola Elena Floris Giovanni Ricevuti Salvatore Chirumbolo Alessia Pascale |
| author_facet | Angelica Varesi Lucrezia Irene Maria Campagnoli Adelaide Carrara Ilaria Pola Elena Floris Giovanni Ricevuti Salvatore Chirumbolo Alessia Pascale |
| author_sort | Angelica Varesi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, the therapeutic approach still has limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) has been established as an early driver of several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In AD, increased levels of reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, and nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, and inflammation. Thus, the identification of novel antioxidant molecules capable of detecting, preventing, and counteracting AD onset and progression is of the utmost importance. However, although several studies have been published, comprehensive and up-to-date overviews of the principal anti-AD agents harboring antioxidant properties remain scarce. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, and carotenoids as non-enzymatic antioxidants with AD diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic potential, thereby offering insights into the relationship between OS and neurodegeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:45:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0fddcef7945841b799126588dd99a1a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:45:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-0fddcef7945841b799126588dd99a1a52023-11-30T20:59:27ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-01-0112118010.3390/antiox12010180Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and TherapyAngelica Varesi0Lucrezia Irene Maria Campagnoli1Adelaide Carrara2Ilaria Pola3Elena Floris4Giovanni Ricevuti5Salvatore Chirumbolo6Alessia Pascale7Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, the therapeutic approach still has limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) has been established as an early driver of several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In AD, increased levels of reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, and nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, and inflammation. Thus, the identification of novel antioxidant molecules capable of detecting, preventing, and counteracting AD onset and progression is of the utmost importance. However, although several studies have been published, comprehensive and up-to-date overviews of the principal anti-AD agents harboring antioxidant properties remain scarce. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, and carotenoids as non-enzymatic antioxidants with AD diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic potential, thereby offering insights into the relationship between OS and neurodegeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/1/180Alzheimer’s diseaseoxidative stressantioxidantsflavonoidsvitaminsprevention |
| spellingShingle | Angelica Varesi Lucrezia Irene Maria Campagnoli Adelaide Carrara Ilaria Pola Elena Floris Giovanni Ricevuti Salvatore Chirumbolo Alessia Pascale Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy Antioxidants Alzheimer’s disease oxidative stress antioxidants flavonoids vitamins prevention |
| title | Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy |
| title_full | Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy |
| title_short | Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy |
| title_sort | non enzymatic antioxidants against alzheimer s disease prevention diagnosis and therapy |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease oxidative stress antioxidants flavonoids vitamins prevention |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/1/180 |
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