The Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Ellagic Acid: Improving the Contrast-Enhancing Effect of Microbubbles in Ultrasound
There is an urgent need to realize precise clinical ultrasound with ultrasound contrast agents that provide high echo intensity and mechanical index tolerance. Graphene derivatives possess exceptional characteristics, exhibiting great potential in fabricating ideal ultrasound contrast agents. Herein...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/22/7646 |
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| author | Qiwei Cheng Yuzhou Wang Qi Zhou Shaobo Duan Beibei Zhang Yaqiong Li Lianzhong Zhang |
| author_facet | Qiwei Cheng Yuzhou Wang Qi Zhou Shaobo Duan Beibei Zhang Yaqiong Li Lianzhong Zhang |
| author_sort | Qiwei Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is an urgent need to realize precise clinical ultrasound with ultrasound contrast agents that provide high echo intensity and mechanical index tolerance. Graphene derivatives possess exceptional characteristics, exhibiting great potential in fabricating ideal ultrasound contrast agents. Herein, we reported a facile and green approach to synthesizing reduced graphene oxide with ellagic acid (rGO-EA). To investigate the application of a graphene derivative in ultrasound contrast agents, rGO-EA was dispersed in saline solution and mixed with SonoVue (SV) to fabricate SV@rGO-EA microbubbles. To determine the properties of the product, analyses were performed, including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and zeta potential analysis. Additionally, cell viability measurements and a hemolysis assay were conducted for a biosafety evaluation. SV@rGO-EA microbubbles were scanned at various mechanical index values to obtain the B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) mode images in vitro. SV@rGO-EA microbubbles were administered to SD rats, and their livers and kidneys were imaged in CEUS and B-mode. The absorption of rGO-EA resulted in an enhanced echo intensity and mechanical index tolerance of SV@rGO-EA, surpassing the performance of SV microbubbles both in vitro and in vivo. This work exhibited the application potential of graphene derivatives in the field of ultrasound precision medicine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:33:57Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:33:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ffee3e4bd304cf98785cb1f8c853d8e2023-11-24T14:58:33ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-11-012822764610.3390/molecules28227646The Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Ellagic Acid: Improving the Contrast-Enhancing Effect of Microbubbles in UltrasoundQiwei Cheng0Yuzhou Wang1Qi Zhou2Shaobo Duan3Beibei Zhang4Yaqiong Li5Lianzhong Zhang6Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, ChinaZhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, ChinaZhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasound, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, ChinaHenan Engineering Technology Research Centre of Ultrasonic Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasound, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, ChinaHenan Engineering Technology Research Centre of Ultrasonic Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, ChinaThere is an urgent need to realize precise clinical ultrasound with ultrasound contrast agents that provide high echo intensity and mechanical index tolerance. Graphene derivatives possess exceptional characteristics, exhibiting great potential in fabricating ideal ultrasound contrast agents. Herein, we reported a facile and green approach to synthesizing reduced graphene oxide with ellagic acid (rGO-EA). To investigate the application of a graphene derivative in ultrasound contrast agents, rGO-EA was dispersed in saline solution and mixed with SonoVue (SV) to fabricate SV@rGO-EA microbubbles. To determine the properties of the product, analyses were performed, including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and zeta potential analysis. Additionally, cell viability measurements and a hemolysis assay were conducted for a biosafety evaluation. SV@rGO-EA microbubbles were scanned at various mechanical index values to obtain the B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) mode images in vitro. SV@rGO-EA microbubbles were administered to SD rats, and their livers and kidneys were imaged in CEUS and B-mode. The absorption of rGO-EA resulted in an enhanced echo intensity and mechanical index tolerance of SV@rGO-EA, surpassing the performance of SV microbubbles both in vitro and in vivo. This work exhibited the application potential of graphene derivatives in the field of ultrasound precision medicine.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/22/7646reduced graphene oxideellagic acidmechanical indexultrasound contrast agentmicrobubble |
| spellingShingle | Qiwei Cheng Yuzhou Wang Qi Zhou Shaobo Duan Beibei Zhang Yaqiong Li Lianzhong Zhang The Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Ellagic Acid: Improving the Contrast-Enhancing Effect of Microbubbles in Ultrasound Molecules reduced graphene oxide ellagic acid mechanical index ultrasound contrast agent microbubble |
| title | The Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Ellagic Acid: Improving the Contrast-Enhancing Effect of Microbubbles in Ultrasound |
| title_full | The Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Ellagic Acid: Improving the Contrast-Enhancing Effect of Microbubbles in Ultrasound |
| title_fullStr | The Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Ellagic Acid: Improving the Contrast-Enhancing Effect of Microbubbles in Ultrasound |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Ellagic Acid: Improving the Contrast-Enhancing Effect of Microbubbles in Ultrasound |
| title_short | The Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Ellagic Acid: Improving the Contrast-Enhancing Effect of Microbubbles in Ultrasound |
| title_sort | green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using ellagic acid improving the contrast enhancing effect of microbubbles in ultrasound |
| topic | reduced graphene oxide ellagic acid mechanical index ultrasound contrast agent microbubble |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/22/7646 |
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