Incidence and Risk Factors for Glucose Disturbances in Premature Infants
Background and Objectives: There are limited data regarding the incidence and risk factors for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and unstable glycemia in preterm infants. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Medicina |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/9/1295 |
| _version_ | 1797484990839128064 |
|---|---|
| author | Ivona Butorac Ahel Kristina Lah Tomulić Inge Vlašić Cicvarić Marta Žuvić Kristina Baraba Dekanić Silvije Šegulja Iva Bilić Čače |
| author_facet | Ivona Butorac Ahel Kristina Lah Tomulić Inge Vlašić Cicvarić Marta Žuvić Kristina Baraba Dekanić Silvije Šegulja Iva Bilić Čače |
| author_sort | Ivona Butorac Ahel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Objectives: There are limited data regarding the incidence and risk factors for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and unstable glycemia in preterm infants. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and unstable glycemia in preterm infants during the first seven days of life. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included preterm infants <37 weeks of gestation, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2018 and December 2020. Based on blood glucose levels in the first week of life, infants were divided into the following four groups: normoglycemic, hypoglycemic, hyperglycemic, and unstable. Blood glucose levels were measured from capillary blood at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th hour of life during the first 24 h, and at least once a day from days 2 to 7, prefeed. Results: Of 445 enrolled infants, 20.7% (92/445) were categorized as hypoglycemic, 9.9% (44/445) as hyperglycemic, and 2.9% (13/445) as unstable, respectively. Hypoglycemia was most commonly observed among infants ≥34 weeks (27.9%), and hyperglycemia was most common among preterm infants <28 weeks (50%). Female gender increased the chances of developing hypoglycemia by three times. The decrease in gestational age by one week increased the chance of developing hyperglycemia by 1.9 times. Sepsis increased the chance of developing hyperglycemia seven times, respiratory distress syndrome five times, and mechanical ventilation three times, respectively. Conclusions: Glucose disturbances in the early neonatal period in preterm infants are common and mostly asymptomatic. Therefore, careful blood glucose level monitoring is required in those infants, especially in late preterm infants, in order to prevent possible neurological complications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:12:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1006e907b848447cbf74d3f22998959e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:12:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-1006e907b848447cbf74d3f22998959e2023-11-23T17:41:12ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442022-09-01589129510.3390/medicina58091295Incidence and Risk Factors for Glucose Disturbances in Premature InfantsIvona Butorac Ahel0Kristina Lah Tomulić1Inge Vlašić Cicvarić2Marta Žuvić3Kristina Baraba Dekanić4Silvije Šegulja5Iva Bilić Čače6Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pediatrics, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaBackground and Objectives: There are limited data regarding the incidence and risk factors for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and unstable glycemia in preterm infants. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and unstable glycemia in preterm infants during the first seven days of life. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included preterm infants <37 weeks of gestation, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2018 and December 2020. Based on blood glucose levels in the first week of life, infants were divided into the following four groups: normoglycemic, hypoglycemic, hyperglycemic, and unstable. Blood glucose levels were measured from capillary blood at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th hour of life during the first 24 h, and at least once a day from days 2 to 7, prefeed. Results: Of 445 enrolled infants, 20.7% (92/445) were categorized as hypoglycemic, 9.9% (44/445) as hyperglycemic, and 2.9% (13/445) as unstable, respectively. Hypoglycemia was most commonly observed among infants ≥34 weeks (27.9%), and hyperglycemia was most common among preterm infants <28 weeks (50%). Female gender increased the chances of developing hypoglycemia by three times. The decrease in gestational age by one week increased the chance of developing hyperglycemia by 1.9 times. Sepsis increased the chance of developing hyperglycemia seven times, respiratory distress syndrome five times, and mechanical ventilation three times, respectively. Conclusions: Glucose disturbances in the early neonatal period in preterm infants are common and mostly asymptomatic. Therefore, careful blood glucose level monitoring is required in those infants, especially in late preterm infants, in order to prevent possible neurological complications.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/9/1295preterm infanthypoglycemiahyperglycemiaglucose variability |
| spellingShingle | Ivona Butorac Ahel Kristina Lah Tomulić Inge Vlašić Cicvarić Marta Žuvić Kristina Baraba Dekanić Silvije Šegulja Iva Bilić Čače Incidence and Risk Factors for Glucose Disturbances in Premature Infants Medicina preterm infant hypoglycemia hyperglycemia glucose variability |
| title | Incidence and Risk Factors for Glucose Disturbances in Premature Infants |
| title_full | Incidence and Risk Factors for Glucose Disturbances in Premature Infants |
| title_fullStr | Incidence and Risk Factors for Glucose Disturbances in Premature Infants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incidence and Risk Factors for Glucose Disturbances in Premature Infants |
| title_short | Incidence and Risk Factors for Glucose Disturbances in Premature Infants |
| title_sort | incidence and risk factors for glucose disturbances in premature infants |
| topic | preterm infant hypoglycemia hyperglycemia glucose variability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/9/1295 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ivonabutoracahel incidenceandriskfactorsforglucosedisturbancesinprematureinfants AT kristinalahtomulic incidenceandriskfactorsforglucosedisturbancesinprematureinfants AT ingevlasiccicvaric incidenceandriskfactorsforglucosedisturbancesinprematureinfants AT martazuvic incidenceandriskfactorsforglucosedisturbancesinprematureinfants AT kristinabarabadekanic incidenceandriskfactorsforglucosedisturbancesinprematureinfants AT silvijesegulja incidenceandriskfactorsforglucosedisturbancesinprematureinfants AT ivabiliccace incidenceandriskfactorsforglucosedisturbancesinprematureinfants |