Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Gender differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features in chronic liver diseases that may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been increasingly reported in recent years. This sexual dimorphism is due to a complex interaction between sex- and gender-rela...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/3/558 |
| _version_ | 1797610695059046400 |
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| author | Anna Licata Giuseppina T. Russo Annalisa Giandalia Marcella Cammilleri Clelia Asero Irene Cacciola |
| author_facet | Anna Licata Giuseppina T. Russo Annalisa Giandalia Marcella Cammilleri Clelia Asero Irene Cacciola |
| author_sort | Anna Licata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gender differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features in chronic liver diseases that may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been increasingly reported in recent years. This sexual dimorphism is due to a complex interaction between sex- and gender-related factors, including biological, hormonal, psychological and socio-cultural variables. However, the impact of sex and gender on the management of T2D subjects with liver disease is still unclear. In this regard, sex-related differences deserve careful consideration in pharmacology, aimed at improving drug safety and optimising medical therapy, both in men and women with T2D; moreover, low adherence to and persistence of long-term drug treatment is more common among women. A better understanding of sex- and gender-related differences in this field would provide an opportunity for a tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the management of T2D subjects with chronic liver disease. In this narrative review, we summarized available data on sex- and gender-related differences in chronic liver disease, including metabolic, autoimmune, alcoholic and virus-related forms and their potential evolution towards cirrhosis and/or hepatocarcinoma in T2D subjects, to support their appropriate and personalized clinical management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:18:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1008429479214d7fac3bb11919cb4e81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:18:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-1008429479214d7fac3bb11919cb4e812023-11-17T12:04:02ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262023-03-0113355810.3390/jpm13030558Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 DiabetesAnna Licata0Giuseppina T. Russo1Annalisa Giandalia2Marcella Cammilleri3Clelia Asero4Irene Cacciola5Internal Medicine & Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Palermo, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyInternal Medicine and Diabetology Unit, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyInternal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, ItalyInternal Medicine & Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Palermo, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, ItalyInternal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, ItalyInternal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, ItalyGender differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features in chronic liver diseases that may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been increasingly reported in recent years. This sexual dimorphism is due to a complex interaction between sex- and gender-related factors, including biological, hormonal, psychological and socio-cultural variables. However, the impact of sex and gender on the management of T2D subjects with liver disease is still unclear. In this regard, sex-related differences deserve careful consideration in pharmacology, aimed at improving drug safety and optimising medical therapy, both in men and women with T2D; moreover, low adherence to and persistence of long-term drug treatment is more common among women. A better understanding of sex- and gender-related differences in this field would provide an opportunity for a tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the management of T2D subjects with chronic liver disease. In this narrative review, we summarized available data on sex- and gender-related differences in chronic liver disease, including metabolic, autoimmune, alcoholic and virus-related forms and their potential evolution towards cirrhosis and/or hepatocarcinoma in T2D subjects, to support their appropriate and personalized clinical management.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/3/558cirrhosistype 2 diabetesgendersex |
| spellingShingle | Anna Licata Giuseppina T. Russo Annalisa Giandalia Marcella Cammilleri Clelia Asero Irene Cacciola Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Journal of Personalized Medicine cirrhosis type 2 diabetes gender sex |
| title | Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full | Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_short | Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_sort | impact of sex and gender on clinical management of patients with advanced chronic liver disease and type 2 diabetes |
| topic | cirrhosis type 2 diabetes gender sex |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/3/558 |
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