Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales
<p>The northeast subarctic Pacific (NESAP) is a globally important source of the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS), yet the processes driving DMS variability across this region are poorly understood. Here we examine the spatial distribution of DMS at various spatial scales in contrastin...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Biogeosciences |
| Online Access: | https://www.biogeosciences.net/16/1729/2019/bg-16-1729-2019.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818910473612951552 |
|---|---|
| author | A. E. Herr R. P. Kiene R. P. Kiene J. W. H. Dacey P. D. Tortell P. D. Tortell |
| author_facet | A. E. Herr R. P. Kiene R. P. Kiene J. W. H. Dacey P. D. Tortell P. D. Tortell |
| author_sort | A. E. Herr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The northeast subarctic Pacific (NESAP) is a globally
important source of the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS), yet the
processes driving DMS variability across this region are poorly understood.
Here we examine the spatial distribution of DMS at various spatial scales in
contrasting oceanographic regimes of the NESAP. We present new high-spatial-resolution measurements of DMS across hydrographic frontal zones along the
British Columbia continental shelf, together with key environmental variables
and biological rate measurements. We combine these new data with existing
observations to produce a revised summertime DMS climatology for the NESAP,
yielding a broader context for our sub-mesoscale process studies. Our results
demonstrate sharp DMS concentration gradients across hydrographic frontal
zones and suggest the presence of two distinct DMS cycling regimes in the
NESAP, corresponding to microphytoplankton-dominated waters along the
continental shelf and nanoplankton-dominated waters in the cross-shelf
transitional zone. DMS concentrations across the continental shelf transition
(range < 1–10 nM, mean 3.9 nM) exhibited positive correlations to
salinity (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.80</span>), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA; <span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.51</span>), and the
relative abundance of prymnesiophyte and dinoflagellates (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.89</span>). In
contrast, DMS concentrations in nearshore coastal transects (range < 1–24 nM, mean 6.1 nM) showed a negative correlation with salinity
(<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.69</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="1d720f16ffc1c28e18cb5a2217ddede9"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00001.svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" src="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>; <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.78</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="7dc62c8dbec92e239cbf2fc4140accec"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00002.svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" src="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) and SSHA (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.81</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="916caef5c7b14c24d14f24fc96676cb7"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00003.svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" src="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>; <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.75</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="f732df8757d4b8f4b66a6c1e71131673"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00004.svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" src="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) and a positive
correlation to relative diatom abundance (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.88</span>; <span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.86</span>). These results
highlight the importance of bloom-driven DMS production in continental shelf
waters of this region and the role of prymnesiophytes and dinoflagellates in
DMS cycling further offshore. In all areas, the rate of DMS consumption
appeared to be an important control on observed concentration gradients, with
higher DMS consumption rate constants associated with lower DMS
concentrations. We compiled a data set of all available summertime DMS
observations for the NESAP (including previously unpublished results) to
examine the performance of several existing algorithms for predicting regional
DMS concentrations. None of these existing algorithms was able to accurately
reproduce observed DMS distributions across the NESAP, although performance
was improved by the use of regionally tuned coefficients. Based on our
compiled observations, we derived an average summertime distribution map for
DMS concentrations and sea–air fluxes across the NESAP, estimating a mean
regional flux of 0.30 Tg of DMS-derived sulfur to the atmosphere during the
summer season.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T22:43:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1008efd13cd04b369903a3a274cdb166 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1726-4170 1726-4189 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T22:43:22Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biogeosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1008efd13cd04b369903a3a274cdb1662022-12-21T20:03:00ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892019-04-01161729175410.5194/bg-16-1729-2019Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scalesA. E. Herr0R. P. Kiene1R. P. Kiene2J. W. H. Dacey3P. D. Tortell4P. D. Tortell5Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadaDepartment of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USAdeceasedWoods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USADepartment of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadaDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada<p>The northeast subarctic Pacific (NESAP) is a globally important source of the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS), yet the processes driving DMS variability across this region are poorly understood. Here we examine the spatial distribution of DMS at various spatial scales in contrasting oceanographic regimes of the NESAP. We present new high-spatial-resolution measurements of DMS across hydrographic frontal zones along the British Columbia continental shelf, together with key environmental variables and biological rate measurements. We combine these new data with existing observations to produce a revised summertime DMS climatology for the NESAP, yielding a broader context for our sub-mesoscale process studies. Our results demonstrate sharp DMS concentration gradients across hydrographic frontal zones and suggest the presence of two distinct DMS cycling regimes in the NESAP, corresponding to microphytoplankton-dominated waters along the continental shelf and nanoplankton-dominated waters in the cross-shelf transitional zone. DMS concentrations across the continental shelf transition (range < 1–10 nM, mean 3.9 nM) exhibited positive correlations to salinity (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.80</span>), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA; <span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.51</span>), and the relative abundance of prymnesiophyte and dinoflagellates (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.89</span>). In contrast, DMS concentrations in nearshore coastal transects (range < 1–24 nM, mean 6.1 nM) showed a negative correlation with salinity (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.69</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="1d720f16ffc1c28e18cb5a2217ddede9"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00001.svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" src="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>; <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.78</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="7dc62c8dbec92e239cbf2fc4140accec"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00002.svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" src="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) and SSHA (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.81</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="916caef5c7b14c24d14f24fc96676cb7"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00003.svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" src="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>; <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.75</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="f732df8757d4b8f4b66a6c1e71131673"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00004.svg" width="49pt" height="10pt" src="bg-16-1729-2019-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) and a positive correlation to relative diatom abundance (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.88</span>; <span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.86</span>). These results highlight the importance of bloom-driven DMS production in continental shelf waters of this region and the role of prymnesiophytes and dinoflagellates in DMS cycling further offshore. In all areas, the rate of DMS consumption appeared to be an important control on observed concentration gradients, with higher DMS consumption rate constants associated with lower DMS concentrations. We compiled a data set of all available summertime DMS observations for the NESAP (including previously unpublished results) to examine the performance of several existing algorithms for predicting regional DMS concentrations. None of these existing algorithms was able to accurately reproduce observed DMS distributions across the NESAP, although performance was improved by the use of regionally tuned coefficients. Based on our compiled observations, we derived an average summertime distribution map for DMS concentrations and sea–air fluxes across the NESAP, estimating a mean regional flux of 0.30 Tg of DMS-derived sulfur to the atmosphere during the summer season.</p>https://www.biogeosciences.net/16/1729/2019/bg-16-1729-2019.pdf |
| spellingShingle | A. E. Herr R. P. Kiene R. P. Kiene J. W. H. Dacey P. D. Tortell P. D. Tortell Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales Biogeosciences |
| title | Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales |
| title_full | Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales |
| title_fullStr | Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales |
| title_short | Patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic Pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales |
| title_sort | patterns and drivers of dimethylsulfide concentration in the northeast subarctic pacific across multiple spatial and temporal scales |
| url | https://www.biogeosciences.net/16/1729/2019/bg-16-1729-2019.pdf |
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