Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, making it a global human and veterinary health concern. Specifically, immunosuppressed patients have a remarkably higher risk of clinical MRSA infections with significantly increased...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244637/full |
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| author | Rachele M. Bochart Kimberly Armantrout Hugh Crank Rachael Tonelli Christine Shriver-Munsch Tonya Swanson Miranda Fischer Helen Wu Michael Axthelm Jonah Sacha Jeremy V. Smedley |
| author_facet | Rachele M. Bochart Kimberly Armantrout Hugh Crank Rachael Tonelli Christine Shriver-Munsch Tonya Swanson Miranda Fischer Helen Wu Michael Axthelm Jonah Sacha Jeremy V. Smedley |
| author_sort | Rachele M. Bochart |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, making it a global human and veterinary health concern. Specifically, immunosuppressed patients have a remarkably higher risk of clinical MRSA infections with significantly increased rates of prolonged clinical recovery, morbidity, and mortality. The current treatment of choice for MRSA is vancomycin. Importantly, we report the first known vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) carriers in a cohort of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (CM) imported to the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), with a MRSA carrier rate of 76.9% (10/13 animals). All MRSA isolates also demonstrated resistance to vancomycin with prevalence of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) at 30% (3/10 MRSA-positive CMs) and VRSA at 70% (7/10 MRSA-positive CMs). Additionally, we identified VRSA in a rhesus macaque (RM) housed within the same room as the VRSA-positive CMs and identified a MRSA/VISA carrier rate of 18.8% in RMs (3/16 positive for both MRSA and VISA) in unexposed recently assigned animals directly from the ONPRC RM breeding colony. Considering that the MRSA and VRSA/VISA-positive CMs future study aims included significant immunosuppression, MRSA/VRSA/VISA decolonization treatment and expanded “MRSA-free” practices were employed to maintain this status. We report the first controlled study using in-depth analyses with appropriate diagnostic serial testing to definitively show an MRSA decolonization therapy (90% success rate) and expanded barrier practice techniques to successfully prevent recolonization (100%) of a cohort of CMs MRSA-free (up to 529 days with a total of 4,806 MRSA-free NHP days). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:58:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-100d9e5d6af848b19bf6aa76a0f55030 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:58:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-100d9e5d6af848b19bf6aa76a0f550302023-08-22T10:07:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-08-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12446371244637Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)Rachele M. Bochart0Kimberly Armantrout1Hugh Crank2Rachael Tonelli3Christine Shriver-Munsch4Tonya Swanson5Miranda Fischer6Helen Wu7Michael Axthelm8Jonah Sacha9Jeremy V. Smedley10Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesDivision of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesDivision of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesDivision of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesDivision of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesDivision of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United StatesMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, making it a global human and veterinary health concern. Specifically, immunosuppressed patients have a remarkably higher risk of clinical MRSA infections with significantly increased rates of prolonged clinical recovery, morbidity, and mortality. The current treatment of choice for MRSA is vancomycin. Importantly, we report the first known vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) carriers in a cohort of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (CM) imported to the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), with a MRSA carrier rate of 76.9% (10/13 animals). All MRSA isolates also demonstrated resistance to vancomycin with prevalence of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) at 30% (3/10 MRSA-positive CMs) and VRSA at 70% (7/10 MRSA-positive CMs). Additionally, we identified VRSA in a rhesus macaque (RM) housed within the same room as the VRSA-positive CMs and identified a MRSA/VISA carrier rate of 18.8% in RMs (3/16 positive for both MRSA and VISA) in unexposed recently assigned animals directly from the ONPRC RM breeding colony. Considering that the MRSA and VRSA/VISA-positive CMs future study aims included significant immunosuppression, MRSA/VRSA/VISA decolonization treatment and expanded “MRSA-free” practices were employed to maintain this status. We report the first controlled study using in-depth analyses with appropriate diagnostic serial testing to definitively show an MRSA decolonization therapy (90% success rate) and expanded barrier practice techniques to successfully prevent recolonization (100%) of a cohort of CMs MRSA-free (up to 529 days with a total of 4,806 MRSA-free NHP days).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244637/fullantibiotic resistancemethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusvancomycin- resistant Staphylococcus aureusrhesus macaquescynomolgus macaquesoccupational safety |
| spellingShingle | Rachele M. Bochart Kimberly Armantrout Hugh Crank Rachael Tonelli Christine Shriver-Munsch Tonya Swanson Miranda Fischer Helen Wu Michael Axthelm Jonah Sacha Jeremy V. Smedley Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) Frontiers in Immunology antibiotic resistance methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus rhesus macaques cynomolgus macaques occupational safety |
| title | Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) |
| title_full | Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) |
| title_short | Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) |
| title_sort | identification of vancomycin resistance in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long term prevention of recolonization in cynomolgus macaques macaca fascicularis |
| topic | antibiotic resistance methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus rhesus macaques cynomolgus macaques occupational safety |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244637/full |
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