Ribosomal frameshifting used in influenza A virus expression occurs within the sequence UCC_UUU_CGU and is in the +1 direction
Programmed ribosomal frameshifting is used in the expression of many virus genes and some cellular genes. In eukaryotic systems, the most well-characterized mechanism involves –1 tandem tRNA slippage on an X_XXY_YYZ motif. By contrast, the mechanisms involved in programmed +1 (or −2) slippage are mo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Open Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsob.120109 |
| _version_ | 1819230928868737024 |
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| author | A. E. Firth B. W. Jagger H. M. Wise C. C. Nelson K. Parsawar N. M. Wills S. Napthine J. K. Taubenberger P. Digard J. F. Atkins |
| author_facet | A. E. Firth B. W. Jagger H. M. Wise C. C. Nelson K. Parsawar N. M. Wills S. Napthine J. K. Taubenberger P. Digard J. F. Atkins |
| author_sort | A. E. Firth |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Programmed ribosomal frameshifting is used in the expression of many virus genes and some cellular genes. In eukaryotic systems, the most well-characterized mechanism involves –1 tandem tRNA slippage on an X_XXY_YYZ motif. By contrast, the mechanisms involved in programmed +1 (or −2) slippage are more varied and often poorly characterized. Recently, a novel gene, PA-X, was discovered in influenza A virus and found to be expressed via a shift to the +1 reading frame. Here, we identify, by mass spectrometric analysis, both the site (UCC_UUU_CGU) and direction (+1) of the frameshifting that is involved in PA-X expression. Related sites are identified in other virus genes that have previously been proposed to be expressed via +1 frameshifting. As these viruses infect insects (chronic bee paralysis virus), plants (fijiviruses and amalgamaviruses) and vertebrates (influenza A virus), such motifs may form a new class of +1 frameshift-inducing sequences that are active in diverse eukaryotes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:36:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1012ec0bdaff4c22823ce4a2101b064a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-2441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:36:52Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1012ec0bdaff4c22823ce4a2101b064a2022-12-21T17:48:38ZengThe Royal SocietyOpen Biology2046-24412012-01-0121010.1098/rsob.120109120109Ribosomal frameshifting used in influenza A virus expression occurs within the sequence UCC_UUU_CGU and is in the +1 directionA. E. FirthB. W. JaggerH. M. WiseC. C. NelsonK. ParsawarN. M. WillsS. NapthineJ. K. TaubenbergerP. DigardJ. F. AtkinsProgrammed ribosomal frameshifting is used in the expression of many virus genes and some cellular genes. In eukaryotic systems, the most well-characterized mechanism involves –1 tandem tRNA slippage on an X_XXY_YYZ motif. By contrast, the mechanisms involved in programmed +1 (or −2) slippage are more varied and often poorly characterized. Recently, a novel gene, PA-X, was discovered in influenza A virus and found to be expressed via a shift to the +1 reading frame. Here, we identify, by mass spectrometric analysis, both the site (UCC_UUU_CGU) and direction (+1) of the frameshifting that is involved in PA-X expression. Related sites are identified in other virus genes that have previously been proposed to be expressed via +1 frameshifting. As these viruses infect insects (chronic bee paralysis virus), plants (fijiviruses and amalgamaviruses) and vertebrates (influenza A virus), such motifs may form a new class of +1 frameshift-inducing sequences that are active in diverse eukaryotes.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsob.120109genetic recodingribosomal frameshiftingmass spectrometryinfluenza viruspa-xtranslation |
| spellingShingle | A. E. Firth B. W. Jagger H. M. Wise C. C. Nelson K. Parsawar N. M. Wills S. Napthine J. K. Taubenberger P. Digard J. F. Atkins Ribosomal frameshifting used in influenza A virus expression occurs within the sequence UCC_UUU_CGU and is in the +1 direction Open Biology genetic recoding ribosomal frameshifting mass spectrometry influenza virus pa-x translation |
| title | Ribosomal frameshifting used in influenza A virus expression occurs within the sequence UCC_UUU_CGU and is in the +1 direction |
| title_full | Ribosomal frameshifting used in influenza A virus expression occurs within the sequence UCC_UUU_CGU and is in the +1 direction |
| title_fullStr | Ribosomal frameshifting used in influenza A virus expression occurs within the sequence UCC_UUU_CGU and is in the +1 direction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ribosomal frameshifting used in influenza A virus expression occurs within the sequence UCC_UUU_CGU and is in the +1 direction |
| title_short | Ribosomal frameshifting used in influenza A virus expression occurs within the sequence UCC_UUU_CGU and is in the +1 direction |
| title_sort | ribosomal frameshifting used in influenza a virus expression occurs within the sequence ucc uuu cgu and is in the 1 direction |
| topic | genetic recoding ribosomal frameshifting mass spectrometry influenza virus pa-x translation |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsob.120109 |
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