Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases
Background: There is no medication adherence scale available in Sindhi language currently. Hence, the Sindhi speaking population will either use a translator or provide their medical history in another language for documentation of medical conditions. This poses a challenge in monitoring and evaluat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1235032/full |
| _version_ | 1797679273442541568 |
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| author | Md. Ashraful Islam Wajiha Iffat Shahlla Imam Sadia Shakeel Abdul Rasheed Atta Abbas Naqvi |
| author_facet | Md. Ashraful Islam Wajiha Iffat Shahlla Imam Sadia Shakeel Abdul Rasheed Atta Abbas Naqvi |
| author_sort | Md. Ashraful Islam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: There is no medication adherence scale available in Sindhi language currently. Hence, the Sindhi speaking population will either use a translator or provide their medical history in another language for documentation of medical conditions. This poses a challenge in monitoring and evaluating adherence to medications within this linguistic community.Aim: The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Sindhi version of the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS-S) in patients with chronic diseases.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 4 months duration and was conducted in out-patient department of a university affiliated hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. All adults with chronic diseases, who were on long-term medications, and able to read and understand Sindhi language were invited. Convenience sampling was employed and a questionnaire consisting of demographic questions and the Sindhi version of GMAS was used. The translation of the scale was carried out. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and a structural equation model (SEM) was developed. Fit indices, namely, goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were reported. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), corrected item-to-total correlation (ITC) and item deletion. Data were analysed through IBM SPSS version 23 and IBM AMOS version 25. The study obtained ethical clearance.Results: A total of 150 responses were analysed. The reliability of the Sindhi version of GMAS was (α) = 0.696. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was reported at 0.696 (95% CI: 0.618–0.763). The values for the fit indices were as follows: χ2/df = 1.84, GFI = 0.918, TLI = 0.920, CFI = 0.942, AGFI = 0.864, and RMSEA = 0.075. All values except AGFI were in the acceptable ranges and indicated good fitness. Most participants (80.7%) appeared non-adherent to their medications.Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrate that the Sindhi version of the GMAS is a valid and reliable scale to measure adherence in Sindhi speaking persons with chronic diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:12:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10160fa9d5524e13b25de526c75ec935 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:12:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-10160fa9d5524e13b25de526c75ec9352023-09-21T07:13:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122023-09-011410.3389/fphar.2023.12350321235032Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseasesMd. Ashraful Islam0Wajiha Iffat1Shahlla Imam2Sadia Shakeel3Abdul Rasheed4Atta Abbas Naqvi5Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacognosy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PakistanInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Karachi, PakistanReading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, United KingdomBackground: There is no medication adherence scale available in Sindhi language currently. Hence, the Sindhi speaking population will either use a translator or provide their medical history in another language for documentation of medical conditions. This poses a challenge in monitoring and evaluating adherence to medications within this linguistic community.Aim: The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Sindhi version of the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS-S) in patients with chronic diseases.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 4 months duration and was conducted in out-patient department of a university affiliated hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. All adults with chronic diseases, who were on long-term medications, and able to read and understand Sindhi language were invited. Convenience sampling was employed and a questionnaire consisting of demographic questions and the Sindhi version of GMAS was used. The translation of the scale was carried out. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and a structural equation model (SEM) was developed. Fit indices, namely, goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were reported. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), corrected item-to-total correlation (ITC) and item deletion. Data were analysed through IBM SPSS version 23 and IBM AMOS version 25. The study obtained ethical clearance.Results: A total of 150 responses were analysed. The reliability of the Sindhi version of GMAS was (α) = 0.696. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was reported at 0.696 (95% CI: 0.618–0.763). The values for the fit indices were as follows: χ2/df = 1.84, GFI = 0.918, TLI = 0.920, CFI = 0.942, AGFI = 0.864, and RMSEA = 0.075. All values except AGFI were in the acceptable ranges and indicated good fitness. Most participants (80.7%) appeared non-adherent to their medications.Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrate that the Sindhi version of the GMAS is a valid and reliable scale to measure adherence in Sindhi speaking persons with chronic diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1235032/fullmedication adherencepatient preferencesquestionnairevalidation studiesSindhiPakistan |
| spellingShingle | Md. Ashraful Islam Wajiha Iffat Shahlla Imam Sadia Shakeel Abdul Rasheed Atta Abbas Naqvi Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases Frontiers in Pharmacology medication adherence patient preferences questionnaire validation studies Sindhi Pakistan |
| title | Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases |
| title_full | Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases |
| title_fullStr | Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases |
| title_short | Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases |
| title_sort | translation and validation of the sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases |
| topic | medication adherence patient preferences questionnaire validation studies Sindhi Pakistan |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1235032/full |
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