Effects of Soil Fertilization on Terpenoids and Other Carbon-Based Secondary Metabolites in <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Plants: A Comparative Study
<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> is an evergreen aromatic plant with important commercial interest as it contains numerous essential oils (composed of terpenoid compounds) and phenolic constituents (natural antioxidant compounds). This work aims at evaluating the concomitant effects of diff...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/7/830 |
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| author | Maria Ángeles Bustamante Marco Michelozzi Anna Barra Caracciolo Paola Grenni Janine Verbokkem Peter Geerdink Carl Safi Isabel Nogues |
| author_facet | Maria Ángeles Bustamante Marco Michelozzi Anna Barra Caracciolo Paola Grenni Janine Verbokkem Peter Geerdink Carl Safi Isabel Nogues |
| author_sort | Maria Ángeles Bustamante |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> is an evergreen aromatic plant with important commercial interest as it contains numerous essential oils (composed of terpenoid compounds) and phenolic constituents (natural antioxidant compounds). This work aims at evaluating the concomitant effects of different inorganic and organic fertilization treatments and the subsequent increases in soil nutrient availability on terpenoids and other carbon-based secondary metabolites, e.g., flavonoids and phenolic compounds, in <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> leaves. The results showed that, as expected, the structural carbohydrate content (lignocellulosic compounds) in stems was higher in fertilized plants than in controls. Additionally, positive correlations were observed of the absolute amounts of total terpenoids and some single terpenoid compounds with N or P contents in leaves. On the contrary, the phenolic and flavonoid concentrations in all the rosemary plant parts were lower with the fertilization treatments. Indeed, negative correlations between the phenolic compounds (and flavonoids) and N in rosemary leaves were also found. Overall, the results suggest that the terpenoid production’s response to fertilization was due to N, which is essential for protein synthesis and terpene synthase activity, and to P, which is necessary for the synthesis of both terpenoid precursors and ATP and NADPH, also needed for terpenoid synthesis. On the other hand, the basis for the fertilization’s effects on the production of phenolic compounds is the direct nitrogen trade-off between growth and the shikimic acid pathway by which phenolics compounds are synthesized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:43:13Z |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:43:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-102fba075574438dbfd5170b876c899d2023-11-20T05:39:29ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-07-019783010.3390/plants9070830Effects of Soil Fertilization on Terpenoids and Other Carbon-Based Secondary Metabolites in <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Plants: A Comparative StudyMaria Ángeles Bustamante0Marco Michelozzi1Anna Barra Caracciolo2Paola Grenni3Janine Verbokkem4Peter Geerdink5Carl Safi6Isabel Nogues7Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, SpainInstitute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, ItalyWater Research Institute, National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, ItalyWater Research Institute, National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, ItalyWageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The NetherlandsWageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The NetherlandsWageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The NetherlandsResearch Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> is an evergreen aromatic plant with important commercial interest as it contains numerous essential oils (composed of terpenoid compounds) and phenolic constituents (natural antioxidant compounds). This work aims at evaluating the concomitant effects of different inorganic and organic fertilization treatments and the subsequent increases in soil nutrient availability on terpenoids and other carbon-based secondary metabolites, e.g., flavonoids and phenolic compounds, in <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> leaves. The results showed that, as expected, the structural carbohydrate content (lignocellulosic compounds) in stems was higher in fertilized plants than in controls. Additionally, positive correlations were observed of the absolute amounts of total terpenoids and some single terpenoid compounds with N or P contents in leaves. On the contrary, the phenolic and flavonoid concentrations in all the rosemary plant parts were lower with the fertilization treatments. Indeed, negative correlations between the phenolic compounds (and flavonoids) and N in rosemary leaves were also found. Overall, the results suggest that the terpenoid production’s response to fertilization was due to N, which is essential for protein synthesis and terpene synthase activity, and to P, which is necessary for the synthesis of both terpenoid precursors and ATP and NADPH, also needed for terpenoid synthesis. On the other hand, the basis for the fertilization’s effects on the production of phenolic compounds is the direct nitrogen trade-off between growth and the shikimic acid pathway by which phenolics compounds are synthesized.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/7/830compostmonoterpenessesquiterpenesleaf nitrogenleaf phosphorusphenolic compounds |
| spellingShingle | Maria Ángeles Bustamante Marco Michelozzi Anna Barra Caracciolo Paola Grenni Janine Verbokkem Peter Geerdink Carl Safi Isabel Nogues Effects of Soil Fertilization on Terpenoids and Other Carbon-Based Secondary Metabolites in <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Plants: A Comparative Study Plants compost monoterpenes sesquiterpenes leaf nitrogen leaf phosphorus phenolic compounds |
| title | Effects of Soil Fertilization on Terpenoids and Other Carbon-Based Secondary Metabolites in <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Plants: A Comparative Study |
| title_full | Effects of Soil Fertilization on Terpenoids and Other Carbon-Based Secondary Metabolites in <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Plants: A Comparative Study |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Soil Fertilization on Terpenoids and Other Carbon-Based Secondary Metabolites in <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Plants: A Comparative Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Soil Fertilization on Terpenoids and Other Carbon-Based Secondary Metabolites in <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Plants: A Comparative Study |
| title_short | Effects of Soil Fertilization on Terpenoids and Other Carbon-Based Secondary Metabolites in <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Plants: A Comparative Study |
| title_sort | effects of soil fertilization on terpenoids and other carbon based secondary metabolites in i rosmarinus officinalis i plants a comparative study |
| topic | compost monoterpenes sesquiterpenes leaf nitrogen leaf phosphorus phenolic compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/7/830 |
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