Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States
Growing evidence has linked long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure to neurological disorders. Less is known about the individual effects of PM2.5 components. A population-based cohort study investigated the association between long-term (1-year average) exposure to PM2.5 components and d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-03-01
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| Series: | The Innovation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666675822000042 |
| _version_ | 1819274273954463744 |
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| author | Jing Li Yifan Wang Kyle Steenland Pengfei Liu Aaron van Donkelaar Randall V. Martin Howard H. Chang W. Michael Caudle Joel Schwartz Petros Koutrakis Liuhua Shi |
| author_facet | Jing Li Yifan Wang Kyle Steenland Pengfei Liu Aaron van Donkelaar Randall V. Martin Howard H. Chang W. Michael Caudle Joel Schwartz Petros Koutrakis Liuhua Shi |
| author_sort | Jing Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Growing evidence has linked long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure to neurological disorders. Less is known about the individual effects of PM2.5 components. A population-based cohort study investigated the association between long-term (1-year average) exposure to PM2.5 components and dementia incidence among the elderly population (age, ≥65 years) in the United States. We used data from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse and a high-resolution PM2.5 components dataset of the northeastern United States (2000–2017). We identified dementia diagnoses from patients’ hospital and medical insurance records and carried out Cox proportional hazards regression to investigate their association with PM2.5 components. Among ∼2 million participants, 15.1% developed dementia. From the single-pollutant models, hazard ratios per interquartile range increase were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.11) for black carbon, 1.08 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.10) for inorganic nitrate, 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.04) for organic matter, 1.13 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.15) for sulfate, 1.07 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.07) for soil particles, and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.05) for sea salt. Increase in exposure to black carbon and sulfate per interquartile range had the strongest associations with dementia incidence. Penalized spline models indicated that dementia incidence increased linearly with elevated black carbon concentrations, whereas the incidence of dementia was only elevated significantly following sulfate concentrations above ∼2 μg/m3. Our study suggests that long-term exposure to PM2.5 components is significantly associated with increased dementia incidence and that different components have different neurotoxicity. Reduction of PM2.5 emissions, especially for main sources of black carbon and sulfate, may reduce the burden of dementia in the aging United States population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:05:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1047776b1e04471db320020bac29aada |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-6758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:05:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Innovation |
| spelling | doaj.art-1047776b1e04471db320020bac29aada2022-12-21T17:26:49ZengElsevierThe Innovation2666-67582022-03-0132100208Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United StatesJing Li0Yifan Wang1Kyle Steenland2Pengfei Liu3Aaron van Donkelaar4Randall V. Martin5Howard H. Chang6W. Michael Caudle7Joel Schwartz8Petros Koutrakis9Liuhua Shi10Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Corresponding authorGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USAGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USASchool of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USADepartment of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, MO 63130, USADepartment of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, MO 63130, USADepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USAGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USADepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USAGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Corresponding authorGrowing evidence has linked long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure to neurological disorders. Less is known about the individual effects of PM2.5 components. A population-based cohort study investigated the association between long-term (1-year average) exposure to PM2.5 components and dementia incidence among the elderly population (age, ≥65 years) in the United States. We used data from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse and a high-resolution PM2.5 components dataset of the northeastern United States (2000–2017). We identified dementia diagnoses from patients’ hospital and medical insurance records and carried out Cox proportional hazards regression to investigate their association with PM2.5 components. Among ∼2 million participants, 15.1% developed dementia. From the single-pollutant models, hazard ratios per interquartile range increase were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.11) for black carbon, 1.08 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.10) for inorganic nitrate, 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.04) for organic matter, 1.13 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.15) for sulfate, 1.07 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.07) for soil particles, and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.05) for sea salt. Increase in exposure to black carbon and sulfate per interquartile range had the strongest associations with dementia incidence. Penalized spline models indicated that dementia incidence increased linearly with elevated black carbon concentrations, whereas the incidence of dementia was only elevated significantly following sulfate concentrations above ∼2 μg/m3. Our study suggests that long-term exposure to PM2.5 components is significantly associated with increased dementia incidence and that different components have different neurotoxicity. Reduction of PM2.5 emissions, especially for main sources of black carbon and sulfate, may reduce the burden of dementia in the aging United States population.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666675822000042air pollutionPM2.5 componentslong-term exposuredementiacohort study |
| spellingShingle | Jing Li Yifan Wang Kyle Steenland Pengfei Liu Aaron van Donkelaar Randall V. Martin Howard H. Chang W. Michael Caudle Joel Schwartz Petros Koutrakis Liuhua Shi Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States The Innovation air pollution PM2.5 components long-term exposure dementia cohort study |
| title | Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States |
| title_full | Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States |
| title_fullStr | Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States |
| title_short | Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States |
| title_sort | long term effects of pm2 5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern united states |
| topic | air pollution PM2.5 components long-term exposure dementia cohort study |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666675822000042 |
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