Influence of Nitrogen, Calcium and Nano-Fertilizer on Strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.) Fruit Inner and Outer Quality
The production system, especially fertilisation has an important effect on yield and quality of strawberries. In the present study, plants were fertilized with different doses of nitrogen (0–100% recommended doses), calcium chelate, as well as nano fertilizer Lithovit. Strawberry cultivar ‘Clery’ yi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/997 |
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| author | Nika Cvelbar Weber Darinka Koron Jerneja Jakopič Robert Veberič Metka Hudina Helena Baša Česnik |
| author_facet | Nika Cvelbar Weber Darinka Koron Jerneja Jakopič Robert Veberič Metka Hudina Helena Baša Česnik |
| author_sort | Nika Cvelbar Weber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The production system, especially fertilisation has an important effect on yield and quality of strawberries. In the present study, plants were fertilized with different doses of nitrogen (0–100% recommended doses), calcium chelate, as well as nano fertilizer Lithovit. Strawberry cultivar ‘Clery’ yield and quality parameters (fruit color and firmness) including nutritional indicators (total soluble solids, sugars, organic acids, phenolic and volatile compounds) were monitored. Volatiles were identified and monitored using headspace solid phase microextraction and analysed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) and sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds with high performance liquid chromatography. Organic acids and phenolic compounds were detected with mass spectrometer (HPLC/MS). Both nitrogen and calcium fertilisation had altered sugars, organic acids, volatile and phenolic contents in strawberry fruits. Fertilisation with higher doses of nitrogen and calcium increased the content of unpleasant aromas aldehydes hexanal (up to 3.8-fold) and (E)-2-hexen-1- (up to 3.7-fold). The content of fruity esters was uppermost in fruits fertilised with nano-fertiliser Lithovit (up to 2.3-fold). Fertilisation with N and Ca decreased the strength of ketone and terpenoids fruity aroma. The highest content of total phenols, as well as all individual hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives were obtained in the nano-fertiliser Lithovit treatment. Fertilisation, especially with nitrogen, had mostly negative impact on strawberry flavour while nano-fertilization with Lithovit improved strawberry phenolic content and aroma. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:18:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1047df0fe8ff4d8693edb7a50135df1c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:18:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-1047df0fe8ff4d8693edb7a50135df1c2023-11-21T20:12:02ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-05-0111599710.3390/agronomy11050997Influence of Nitrogen, Calcium and Nano-Fertilizer on Strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.) Fruit Inner and Outer QualityNika Cvelbar Weber0Darinka Koron1Jerneja Jakopič2Robert Veberič3Metka Hudina4Helena Baša Česnik5Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaAgricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaBiotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaBiotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaBiotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaAgricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaThe production system, especially fertilisation has an important effect on yield and quality of strawberries. In the present study, plants were fertilized with different doses of nitrogen (0–100% recommended doses), calcium chelate, as well as nano fertilizer Lithovit. Strawberry cultivar ‘Clery’ yield and quality parameters (fruit color and firmness) including nutritional indicators (total soluble solids, sugars, organic acids, phenolic and volatile compounds) were monitored. Volatiles were identified and monitored using headspace solid phase microextraction and analysed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) and sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds with high performance liquid chromatography. Organic acids and phenolic compounds were detected with mass spectrometer (HPLC/MS). Both nitrogen and calcium fertilisation had altered sugars, organic acids, volatile and phenolic contents in strawberry fruits. Fertilisation with higher doses of nitrogen and calcium increased the content of unpleasant aromas aldehydes hexanal (up to 3.8-fold) and (E)-2-hexen-1- (up to 3.7-fold). The content of fruity esters was uppermost in fruits fertilised with nano-fertiliser Lithovit (up to 2.3-fold). Fertilisation with N and Ca decreased the strength of ketone and terpenoids fruity aroma. The highest content of total phenols, as well as all individual hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives were obtained in the nano-fertiliser Lithovit treatment. Fertilisation, especially with nitrogen, had mostly negative impact on strawberry flavour while nano-fertilization with Lithovit improved strawberry phenolic content and aroma.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/997strawberryfertilisationnitrogencalciumlithovitvolatiles |
| spellingShingle | Nika Cvelbar Weber Darinka Koron Jerneja Jakopič Robert Veberič Metka Hudina Helena Baša Česnik Influence of Nitrogen, Calcium and Nano-Fertilizer on Strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.) Fruit Inner and Outer Quality Agronomy strawberry fertilisation nitrogen calcium lithovit volatiles |
| title | Influence of Nitrogen, Calcium and Nano-Fertilizer on Strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.) Fruit Inner and Outer Quality |
| title_full | Influence of Nitrogen, Calcium and Nano-Fertilizer on Strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.) Fruit Inner and Outer Quality |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Nitrogen, Calcium and Nano-Fertilizer on Strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.) Fruit Inner and Outer Quality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Nitrogen, Calcium and Nano-Fertilizer on Strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.) Fruit Inner and Outer Quality |
| title_short | Influence of Nitrogen, Calcium and Nano-Fertilizer on Strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.) Fruit Inner and Outer Quality |
| title_sort | influence of nitrogen calcium and nano fertilizer on strawberry i fragaria i i ananassa i duch fruit inner and outer quality |
| topic | strawberry fertilisation nitrogen calcium lithovit volatiles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/997 |
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