Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – role of the innate and adaptive immunity
This review aims to summarize the latest evidence about the role of innate and adaptive immunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, which involves essential cells of the immune system that play a basic role...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1277399/full |
| _version_ | 1827630104992284672 |
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| author | Stefan Mimic Başak Aru Cemil Pehlivanoğlu Hadi Sleiman Pavle R. Andjus Gülderen Yanıkkaya Demirel |
| author_facet | Stefan Mimic Başak Aru Cemil Pehlivanoğlu Hadi Sleiman Pavle R. Andjus Gülderen Yanıkkaya Demirel |
| author_sort | Stefan Mimic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review aims to summarize the latest evidence about the role of innate and adaptive immunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, which involves essential cells of the immune system that play a basic role in innate or adaptive immunity, that can be neurotoxic or neuroprotective for neurons. However, distinguishing between the sole neurotoxic or neuroprotective function of certain cells such as astrocytes can be challenging due to intricate nature of these cells, the complexity of the microenvironment and the contextual factors. In this review, in regard to innate immunity we focus on the involvement of monocytes/macrophages, microglia, the complement, NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and astrocytes, while regarding adaptive immunity, in addition to humoral immunity the most important features and roles of T and B cells are highlighted, specifically different subsets of CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells. The role of autoantibodies and cytokines is also discussed in distinct sections of this review. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:01:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10499dd6006e4998a97953f2d545a09f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:01:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-10499dd6006e4998a97953f2d545a09f2023-11-30T07:23:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2023-11-011710.3389/fnins.2023.12773991277399Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – role of the innate and adaptive immunityStefan Mimic0Başak Aru1Cemil Pehlivanoğlu2Hadi Sleiman3Pavle R. Andjus4Gülderen Yanıkkaya Demirel5Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Jean Giaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaImmunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TürkiyeImmunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TürkiyeFaculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TürkiyeCentre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Jean Giaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaImmunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TürkiyeThis review aims to summarize the latest evidence about the role of innate and adaptive immunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, which involves essential cells of the immune system that play a basic role in innate or adaptive immunity, that can be neurotoxic or neuroprotective for neurons. However, distinguishing between the sole neurotoxic or neuroprotective function of certain cells such as astrocytes can be challenging due to intricate nature of these cells, the complexity of the microenvironment and the contextual factors. In this review, in regard to innate immunity we focus on the involvement of monocytes/macrophages, microglia, the complement, NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and astrocytes, while regarding adaptive immunity, in addition to humoral immunity the most important features and roles of T and B cells are highlighted, specifically different subsets of CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells. The role of autoantibodies and cytokines is also discussed in distinct sections of this review.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1277399/fullamyotrophic lateral sclerosisneuroimmunology and neuropathyinnate immune systemadaptive immune systemneurodegeneration |
| spellingShingle | Stefan Mimic Başak Aru Cemil Pehlivanoğlu Hadi Sleiman Pavle R. Andjus Gülderen Yanıkkaya Demirel Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – role of the innate and adaptive immunity Frontiers in Neuroscience amyotrophic lateral sclerosis neuroimmunology and neuropathy innate immune system adaptive immune system neurodegeneration |
| title | Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – role of the innate and adaptive immunity |
| title_full | Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – role of the innate and adaptive immunity |
| title_fullStr | Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – role of the innate and adaptive immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – role of the innate and adaptive immunity |
| title_short | Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – role of the innate and adaptive immunity |
| title_sort | immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis role of the innate and adaptive immunity |
| topic | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis neuroimmunology and neuropathy innate immune system adaptive immune system neurodegeneration |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1277399/full |
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