Evaluating the Causal Relations between the Kaya Identity Index and ODIAC-Based Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> Flux
The Kaya identity is a powerful index displaying the influence of individual carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) sources on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The sources are disaggregated into representative factors such as population, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, energy inte...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/22/6009 |
| _version_ | 1827702019865968640 |
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| author | YoungSeok Hwang Jung-Sup Um JunHwa Hwang Stephan Schlüter |
| author_facet | YoungSeok Hwang Jung-Sup Um JunHwa Hwang Stephan Schlüter |
| author_sort | YoungSeok Hwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Kaya identity is a powerful index displaying the influence of individual carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) sources on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The sources are disaggregated into representative factors such as population, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of the GDP, and carbon footprint of energy. However, the Kaya identity has limitations as it is merely an accounting equation and does not allow for an examination of the hidden causalities among the factors. Analyzing the causal relationships between the individual Kaya identity factors and their respective subcomponents is necessary to identify the real and relevant drivers of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In this study we evaluated these causal relationships by conducting a parallel multiple mediation analysis, whereby we used the fossil fuel CO<sub>2</sub> flux based on the Open-Source Data Inventory of Anthropogenic CO2 emissions (ODIAC). We found out that the indirect effects from the decomposed variables on the CO<sub>2</sub> flux are significant. However, the Kaya identity factors show neither strong nor even significant mediating effects. This demonstrates that the influence individual Kaya identity factors have on CO<sub>2</sub> directly emitted to the atmosphere is not primarily due to changes in their input factors, namely the decomposed variables. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:46:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-104b4fe55fb243b79ed36ff2fb9a9a02 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:46:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-104b4fe55fb243b79ed36ff2fb9a9a022023-11-20T21:17:31ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-11-011322600910.3390/en13226009Evaluating the Causal Relations between the Kaya Identity Index and ODIAC-Based Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> FluxYoungSeok Hwang0Jung-Sup Um1JunHwa Hwang2Stephan Schlüter3Department of Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, 80 University Road, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Geography, Kyungpook National University, 80 University Road, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, 80 University Road, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Mathematics, Natural and Economic Sciences, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, 89075 Ulm, GermanyThe Kaya identity is a powerful index displaying the influence of individual carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) sources on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The sources are disaggregated into representative factors such as population, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of the GDP, and carbon footprint of energy. However, the Kaya identity has limitations as it is merely an accounting equation and does not allow for an examination of the hidden causalities among the factors. Analyzing the causal relationships between the individual Kaya identity factors and their respective subcomponents is necessary to identify the real and relevant drivers of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In this study we evaluated these causal relationships by conducting a parallel multiple mediation analysis, whereby we used the fossil fuel CO<sub>2</sub> flux based on the Open-Source Data Inventory of Anthropogenic CO2 emissions (ODIAC). We found out that the indirect effects from the decomposed variables on the CO<sub>2</sub> flux are significant. However, the Kaya identity factors show neither strong nor even significant mediating effects. This demonstrates that the influence individual Kaya identity factors have on CO<sub>2</sub> directly emitted to the atmosphere is not primarily due to changes in their input factors, namely the decomposed variables.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/22/6009ODIACGOSATCO<sub>2</sub> fluxmediator analysisKaya identitycausality |
| spellingShingle | YoungSeok Hwang Jung-Sup Um JunHwa Hwang Stephan Schlüter Evaluating the Causal Relations between the Kaya Identity Index and ODIAC-Based Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> Flux Energies ODIAC GOSAT CO<sub>2</sub> flux mediator analysis Kaya identity causality |
| title | Evaluating the Causal Relations between the Kaya Identity Index and ODIAC-Based Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> Flux |
| title_full | Evaluating the Causal Relations between the Kaya Identity Index and ODIAC-Based Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> Flux |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the Causal Relations between the Kaya Identity Index and ODIAC-Based Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> Flux |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the Causal Relations between the Kaya Identity Index and ODIAC-Based Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> Flux |
| title_short | Evaluating the Causal Relations between the Kaya Identity Index and ODIAC-Based Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> Flux |
| title_sort | evaluating the causal relations between the kaya identity index and odiac based fossil fuel co sub 2 sub flux |
| topic | ODIAC GOSAT CO<sub>2</sub> flux mediator analysis Kaya identity causality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/22/6009 |
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