Emergent parametric resonances and time-crystal phases in driven Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer systems

We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer condensate subject to a periodic drive. We demonstrate that the combined effect of drive and interactions results in emerging parametric resonances, analogous to a vertically driving pendulum. In particular, Arnold tongues appea...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: H. P. Ojeda Collado, Gonzalo Usaj, C. A. Balseiro, Damián H. Zanette, José Lorenzana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2021-11-01
Series:Physical Review Research
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.L042023
Description
Summary:We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer condensate subject to a periodic drive. We demonstrate that the combined effect of drive and interactions results in emerging parametric resonances, analogous to a vertically driving pendulum. In particular, Arnold tongues appear when the driving frequency matches 2Δ_{0}/n, with n being a natural number and Δ_{0} being the equilibrium gap parameter. Inside the Arnold tongues we find a commensurate time-crystal condensate which retains the U(1) symmetry breaking of the parent superfluid/superconducting phase and shows an additional time-translational symmetry breaking. Outside these tongues, the synchronized collective Higgs mode found in quench protocols is stabilized without the need of a strong perturbation. Our results are directly relevant to cold-atom and condensed-matter systems and do not require very long energy relaxation times to be observed.
ISSN:2643-1564