The Antiviral Role of Galectins toward Influenza A Virus Infection—An Alternative Strategy for Influenza Therapy
Animal lectins are proteins with carbohydrate recognition activity. Galectins, the β-galactoside binding lectins, are expressed in various cells and have been reported to regulate several immunological and physiological responses. Recently, some galectins have been reported to regulate some viral in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/5/490 |
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| author | Chih-Yen Lin Zih-Syuan Yang Wen-Hung Wang Aspiro Nayim Urbina Yu-Ting Lin Jason C. Huang Fu-Tong Liu Sheng-Fan Wang |
| author_facet | Chih-Yen Lin Zih-Syuan Yang Wen-Hung Wang Aspiro Nayim Urbina Yu-Ting Lin Jason C. Huang Fu-Tong Liu Sheng-Fan Wang |
| author_sort | Chih-Yen Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Animal lectins are proteins with carbohydrate recognition activity. Galectins, the β-galactoside binding lectins, are expressed in various cells and have been reported to regulate several immunological and physiological responses. Recently, some galectins have been reported to regulate some viral infections, including influenza A virus (IAV); however, the mechanism is still not fully understood. Thus, we aim to review systemically the roles of galectins in their antiviral functions against IAVs. The PRISMA guidelines were used to select the eligible articles. Results indicated that only Galectin-1, Galectin-3, and Galectin-9 were reported to play a regulatory role in IAV infection. These regulatory effects occur extracellularly, through their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) interacting with glycans expressed on the virus surface, as well as endogenously, in a cell–cell interaction manner. The inhibition effects induced by galectins on IAV infection were through blocking virus–host receptors interaction, activation of NLRP-3 inflammasome, augment expression of antiviral genes and related cytokines, as well as stimulation of Tim-3 related signaling to enhance virus-specific T cells and humoral immune response. Combined, this study concludes that currently, only three galectins have reported antiviral capabilities against IAV infection, thereby having the potential to be applied as an alternative anti-influenza therapeutic strategy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:12:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-105329d24b814a0e8dab5ff67029b862 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:12:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-105329d24b814a0e8dab5ff67029b8622023-11-21T20:38:01ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472021-05-0114549010.3390/ph14050490The Antiviral Role of Galectins toward Influenza A Virus Infection—An Alternative Strategy for Influenza TherapyChih-Yen Lin0Zih-Syuan Yang1Wen-Hung Wang2Aspiro Nayim Urbina3Yu-Ting Lin4Jason C. Huang5Fu-Tong Liu6Sheng-Fan Wang7Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanCenter for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanCenter for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanCenter for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanDepartment of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112304, TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TaiwanCenter for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanAnimal lectins are proteins with carbohydrate recognition activity. Galectins, the β-galactoside binding lectins, are expressed in various cells and have been reported to regulate several immunological and physiological responses. Recently, some galectins have been reported to regulate some viral infections, including influenza A virus (IAV); however, the mechanism is still not fully understood. Thus, we aim to review systemically the roles of galectins in their antiviral functions against IAVs. The PRISMA guidelines were used to select the eligible articles. Results indicated that only Galectin-1, Galectin-3, and Galectin-9 were reported to play a regulatory role in IAV infection. These regulatory effects occur extracellularly, through their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) interacting with glycans expressed on the virus surface, as well as endogenously, in a cell–cell interaction manner. The inhibition effects induced by galectins on IAV infection were through blocking virus–host receptors interaction, activation of NLRP-3 inflammasome, augment expression of antiviral genes and related cytokines, as well as stimulation of Tim-3 related signaling to enhance virus-specific T cells and humoral immune response. Combined, this study concludes that currently, only three galectins have reported antiviral capabilities against IAV infection, thereby having the potential to be applied as an alternative anti-influenza therapeutic strategy.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/5/490galectinsinfluenza A viruscarbohydrate recognition domainanti-influenzareviewPRISMA |
| spellingShingle | Chih-Yen Lin Zih-Syuan Yang Wen-Hung Wang Aspiro Nayim Urbina Yu-Ting Lin Jason C. Huang Fu-Tong Liu Sheng-Fan Wang The Antiviral Role of Galectins toward Influenza A Virus Infection—An Alternative Strategy for Influenza Therapy Pharmaceuticals galectins influenza A virus carbohydrate recognition domain anti-influenza review PRISMA |
| title | The Antiviral Role of Galectins toward Influenza A Virus Infection—An Alternative Strategy for Influenza Therapy |
| title_full | The Antiviral Role of Galectins toward Influenza A Virus Infection—An Alternative Strategy for Influenza Therapy |
| title_fullStr | The Antiviral Role of Galectins toward Influenza A Virus Infection—An Alternative Strategy for Influenza Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Antiviral Role of Galectins toward Influenza A Virus Infection—An Alternative Strategy for Influenza Therapy |
| title_short | The Antiviral Role of Galectins toward Influenza A Virus Infection—An Alternative Strategy for Influenza Therapy |
| title_sort | antiviral role of galectins toward influenza a virus infection an alternative strategy for influenza therapy |
| topic | galectins influenza A virus carbohydrate recognition domain anti-influenza review PRISMA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/5/490 |
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