Understanding the pivotal roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: from structure/function to therapeutic implication
Abstract In December 2019, a novel respiratory tract infection, from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was detected in China that rapidly spread around the world. This virus possesses spike (S) glycoproteins on the surface of mature virions, like other members of coronavi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43042-022-00314-9 |
| _version_ | 1828195143006552064 |
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| author | Amir Pouremamali Abouzar Babaei Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi Ardeshir Abbasi Nastaran Rafiee |
| author_facet | Amir Pouremamali Abouzar Babaei Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi Ardeshir Abbasi Nastaran Rafiee |
| author_sort | Amir Pouremamali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In December 2019, a novel respiratory tract infection, from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was detected in China that rapidly spread around the world. This virus possesses spike (S) glycoproteins on the surface of mature virions, like other members of coronaviridae. The S glycoprotein is a crucial viral protein for binding, fusion, and entry into the target cells. Binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), a cell-surface receptor, mediates virus entry into cells; thus, understanding the basics of ACE2 and S protein, their interactions, and ACE2 targeting could be a potent priority for inhibition of virus infection. This review presents current knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 basics and entry mechanism, structure and organ distribution of ACE2, and also its function in SARS-CoV-2 entry and pathogenesis. Furthermore, it highlights ACE2 targeting by recombinant ACE2 (rACE2), ACE2 activators, ACE inhibitor, and angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker to control the SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:37:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-105ed658716d4788b44e6931c9a68736 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2090-2441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:37:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-105ed658716d4788b44e6931c9a687362022-12-22T03:38:10ZengSpringerOpenEgyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics2090-24412022-06-0123111010.1186/s43042-022-00314-9Understanding the pivotal roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: from structure/function to therapeutic implicationAmir Pouremamali0Abouzar Babaei1Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi2Ardeshir Abbasi3Nastaran Rafiee4Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversityDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversityDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversityDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversityDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversityAbstract In December 2019, a novel respiratory tract infection, from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was detected in China that rapidly spread around the world. This virus possesses spike (S) glycoproteins on the surface of mature virions, like other members of coronaviridae. The S glycoprotein is a crucial viral protein for binding, fusion, and entry into the target cells. Binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), a cell-surface receptor, mediates virus entry into cells; thus, understanding the basics of ACE2 and S protein, their interactions, and ACE2 targeting could be a potent priority for inhibition of virus infection. This review presents current knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 basics and entry mechanism, structure and organ distribution of ACE2, and also its function in SARS-CoV-2 entry and pathogenesis. Furthermore, it highlights ACE2 targeting by recombinant ACE2 (rACE2), ACE2 activators, ACE inhibitor, and angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker to control the SARS-CoV-2 infection.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43042-022-00314-9SARS-CoV-2Spike glycoproteinReceptor-binding domainAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2StructureFunction |
| spellingShingle | Amir Pouremamali Abouzar Babaei Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi Ardeshir Abbasi Nastaran Rafiee Understanding the pivotal roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: from structure/function to therapeutic implication Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein Receptor-binding domain Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Structure Function |
| title | Understanding the pivotal roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: from structure/function to therapeutic implication |
| title_full | Understanding the pivotal roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: from structure/function to therapeutic implication |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the pivotal roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: from structure/function to therapeutic implication |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the pivotal roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: from structure/function to therapeutic implication |
| title_short | Understanding the pivotal roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: from structure/function to therapeutic implication |
| title_sort | understanding the pivotal roles of ace2 in sars cov 2 infection from structure function to therapeutic implication |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein Receptor-binding domain Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Structure Function |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43042-022-00314-9 |
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