The second terminations of the suboccipital muscles: An assistant pivot for the To Be Named Ligament.
In the last two decades, many studies have focused on the muscles and dense connective tissues located in the suboccipital region. Our study investigated the existence of the second terminations originating from the suboccipital muscles, and the relationship between the variable types of the To Be N...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2017-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5444898?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1828877690165264384 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiao-Ying Yuan Chan Li Jia-Ying Sui Qi-Qi Zhao Xiao Zhang Na-Na Mou Zhao Huang-Fu Okoye Chukwuemeka Samuel Nan Zheng Seung-Ho Han Sheng-Bo Yu Hong-Jin Sui |
| author_facet | Xiao-Ying Yuan Chan Li Jia-Ying Sui Qi-Qi Zhao Xiao Zhang Na-Na Mou Zhao Huang-Fu Okoye Chukwuemeka Samuel Nan Zheng Seung-Ho Han Sheng-Bo Yu Hong-Jin Sui |
| author_sort | Xiao-Ying Yuan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the last two decades, many studies have focused on the muscles and dense connective tissues located in the suboccipital region. Our study investigated the existence of the second terminations originating from the suboccipital muscles, and the relationship between the variable types of the To Be Named Ligament (TBNL). Anatomical dissection was performed on 35 head-neck specimens. The existence of the second terminations of the suboccipital muscles was confirmed and various types of the TBNL were observed in this study. The second terminations originated from multiple suboccipital muscles including the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmi), rectus capitis posterior major (RCPma) and obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscles, merged and terminated at the TBNL. The overall incidence of the second terminations of the suboccipital muscles was 34.29% and it varied among the various suboccipital muscle origins. 28.57% of the second terminations originated from the RCPma; 11.43% was from the RCPmi and 8.57% was from the OCI. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the existence of second terminations and the particular type of the TBNL. 95% of the arcuate type of the TBNL was accompanied with the second terminations which attached to their turning part, whereas only 10% of all the radiate type of the TBNL was accompanied with the second terminations. This study for the first time described the second terminations originating from multiple suboccipital muscles and demonstrated the relationship with the various types of the TBNL. We speculated that the second terminations maintain the arcuate TBNL and transfer tensile forces to the Myodural Bridge (MDB), thereby modulating the physiological functions of the MDB. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:48:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-105f5968845b459891a1418af891c6de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:48:03Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-105f5968845b459891a1418af891c6de2022-12-21T23:53:25ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032017-01-01125e017712010.1371/journal.pone.0177120The second terminations of the suboccipital muscles: An assistant pivot for the To Be Named Ligament.Xiao-Ying YuanChan LiJia-Ying SuiQi-Qi ZhaoXiao ZhangNa-Na MouZhao Huang-FuOkoye Chukwuemeka SamuelNan ZhengSeung-Ho HanSheng-Bo YuHong-Jin SuiIn the last two decades, many studies have focused on the muscles and dense connective tissues located in the suboccipital region. Our study investigated the existence of the second terminations originating from the suboccipital muscles, and the relationship between the variable types of the To Be Named Ligament (TBNL). Anatomical dissection was performed on 35 head-neck specimens. The existence of the second terminations of the suboccipital muscles was confirmed and various types of the TBNL were observed in this study. The second terminations originated from multiple suboccipital muscles including the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmi), rectus capitis posterior major (RCPma) and obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscles, merged and terminated at the TBNL. The overall incidence of the second terminations of the suboccipital muscles was 34.29% and it varied among the various suboccipital muscle origins. 28.57% of the second terminations originated from the RCPma; 11.43% was from the RCPmi and 8.57% was from the OCI. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the existence of second terminations and the particular type of the TBNL. 95% of the arcuate type of the TBNL was accompanied with the second terminations which attached to their turning part, whereas only 10% of all the radiate type of the TBNL was accompanied with the second terminations. This study for the first time described the second terminations originating from multiple suboccipital muscles and demonstrated the relationship with the various types of the TBNL. We speculated that the second terminations maintain the arcuate TBNL and transfer tensile forces to the Myodural Bridge (MDB), thereby modulating the physiological functions of the MDB.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5444898?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Xiao-Ying Yuan Chan Li Jia-Ying Sui Qi-Qi Zhao Xiao Zhang Na-Na Mou Zhao Huang-Fu Okoye Chukwuemeka Samuel Nan Zheng Seung-Ho Han Sheng-Bo Yu Hong-Jin Sui The second terminations of the suboccipital muscles: An assistant pivot for the To Be Named Ligament. PLoS ONE |
| title | The second terminations of the suboccipital muscles: An assistant pivot for the To Be Named Ligament. |
| title_full | The second terminations of the suboccipital muscles: An assistant pivot for the To Be Named Ligament. |
| title_fullStr | The second terminations of the suboccipital muscles: An assistant pivot for the To Be Named Ligament. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The second terminations of the suboccipital muscles: An assistant pivot for the To Be Named Ligament. |
| title_short | The second terminations of the suboccipital muscles: An assistant pivot for the To Be Named Ligament. |
| title_sort | second terminations of the suboccipital muscles an assistant pivot for the to be named ligament |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5444898?pdf=render |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaoyingyuan thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT chanli thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT jiayingsui thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT qiqizhao thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT xiaozhang thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT nanamou thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT zhaohuangfu thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT okoyechukwuemekasamuel thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT nanzheng thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT seunghohan thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT shengboyu thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT hongjinsui thesecondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT xiaoyingyuan secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT chanli secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT jiayingsui secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT qiqizhao secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT xiaozhang secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT nanamou secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT zhaohuangfu secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT okoyechukwuemekasamuel secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT nanzheng secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT seunghohan secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT shengboyu secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament AT hongjinsui secondterminationsofthesuboccipitalmusclesanassistantpivotforthetobenamedligament |