Sex ratio, floral traits, and genetic variation of androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans L. (Oleaceae) and the implications for maintenance of high male frequency
Several examples of androdioecy appear to have evolved from dioecy and have low male frequency (< 0.5). However, the evolutionary pathway to androdioecy in Oleaceae may come from hermaphroditism. Osmanthus fragrans L. has a 1:1 sex ratio in nature populations. Significant differences are observed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Maximum Academic Press
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Ornamental Plant Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/OPR-2022-0022 |
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| author | Lihua Zhou Liyuan Yang Qiu Fang Bin Dong Yiguang Wang Shiwei Zhong Zheng Xiao Hongbo Zhao |
| author_facet | Lihua Zhou Liyuan Yang Qiu Fang Bin Dong Yiguang Wang Shiwei Zhong Zheng Xiao Hongbo Zhao |
| author_sort | Lihua Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several examples of androdioecy appear to have evolved from dioecy and have low male frequency (< 0.5). However, the evolutionary pathway to androdioecy in Oleaceae may come from hermaphroditism. Osmanthus fragrans L. has a 1:1 sex ratio in nature populations. Significant differences are observed not only in flowering phenology but also in some floral traits between males and hermaphrodites. The protandry in the same population and the protogyny in the same plant may promote the xenogamy between genders. The majority of flower traits related with the pollen production are different between males and hermaphrodites. Males bear more flowering nodes, and more flowers per node, and larger anther in all three populations. This characteristic demonstrated that males have more male advantage than hermaphrodites. Population genetic structure of O. fragrans is genetically homogeneous at the species level, and most variations exist within a population. The percentage of variation among populations (13%) and between males and hermaphrodites (0%) is low. Moreover, genetic differentiation was very low between genders not only among populations but also in the same population. This genetic variation could be attributed to the occurrence of high levels of xenogamy between genders. Therefore, high male frequency and more male fitness advantage in males are the essential conditions for this mating system, which plays an important role during population reproduction and regeneration. The 1:1 sex ratio could be the result of integrative effects of sexual system, mating system, and reproductive success. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T20:07:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-106b75f4901f4e84b08528fe0d324f52 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2769-2094 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T20:07:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Maximum Academic Press |
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| series | Ornamental Plant Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-106b75f4901f4e84b08528fe0d324f522024-02-28T03:46:01ZengMaximum Academic PressOrnamental Plant Research2769-20942022-01-01211710.48130/OPR-2022-0022OPR-2022-0022Sex ratio, floral traits, and genetic variation of androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans L. (Oleaceae) and the implications for maintenance of high male frequencyLihua Zhou0Liyuan Yang1Qiu Fang2Bin Dong3Yiguang Wang4Shiwei Zhong5Zheng Xiao6Hongbo Zhao7Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaSeveral examples of androdioecy appear to have evolved from dioecy and have low male frequency (< 0.5). However, the evolutionary pathway to androdioecy in Oleaceae may come from hermaphroditism. Osmanthus fragrans L. has a 1:1 sex ratio in nature populations. Significant differences are observed not only in flowering phenology but also in some floral traits between males and hermaphrodites. The protandry in the same population and the protogyny in the same plant may promote the xenogamy between genders. The majority of flower traits related with the pollen production are different between males and hermaphrodites. Males bear more flowering nodes, and more flowers per node, and larger anther in all three populations. This characteristic demonstrated that males have more male advantage than hermaphrodites. Population genetic structure of O. fragrans is genetically homogeneous at the species level, and most variations exist within a population. The percentage of variation among populations (13%) and between males and hermaphrodites (0%) is low. Moreover, genetic differentiation was very low between genders not only among populations but also in the same population. This genetic variation could be attributed to the occurrence of high levels of xenogamy between genders. Therefore, high male frequency and more male fitness advantage in males are the essential conditions for this mating system, which plays an important role during population reproduction and regeneration. The 1:1 sex ratio could be the result of integrative effects of sexual system, mating system, and reproductive success.https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/OPR-2022-0022androdioecyosmanthus fragranssex ratiofloral traitgenetic variationmating system |
| spellingShingle | Lihua Zhou Liyuan Yang Qiu Fang Bin Dong Yiguang Wang Shiwei Zhong Zheng Xiao Hongbo Zhao Sex ratio, floral traits, and genetic variation of androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans L. (Oleaceae) and the implications for maintenance of high male frequency Ornamental Plant Research androdioecy osmanthus fragrans sex ratio floral trait genetic variation mating system |
| title | Sex ratio, floral traits, and genetic variation of androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans L. (Oleaceae) and the implications for maintenance of high male frequency |
| title_full | Sex ratio, floral traits, and genetic variation of androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans L. (Oleaceae) and the implications for maintenance of high male frequency |
| title_fullStr | Sex ratio, floral traits, and genetic variation of androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans L. (Oleaceae) and the implications for maintenance of high male frequency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex ratio, floral traits, and genetic variation of androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans L. (Oleaceae) and the implications for maintenance of high male frequency |
| title_short | Sex ratio, floral traits, and genetic variation of androdioecious Osmanthus fragrans L. (Oleaceae) and the implications for maintenance of high male frequency |
| title_sort | sex ratio floral traits and genetic variation of androdioecious osmanthus fragrans l oleaceae and the implications for maintenance of high male frequency |
| topic | androdioecy osmanthus fragrans sex ratio floral trait genetic variation mating system |
| url | https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/OPR-2022-0022 |
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