3D Printing of Collagen/Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Composite Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair
Articular cartilage defects affect millions of people worldwide, including children, adolescents, and adults. Progressive wear and tear of articular cartilage can lead to progressive tissue loss, further exposing the bony ends and leaving them unprotected, which may ultimately cause osteoarthritis (...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/18/3123 |
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| author | Chung-Fei Lee Yung-Heng Hsu Yu-Chien Lin Thu-Trang Nguyen Hsiang-Wen Chen Sasza Chyntara Nabilla Shao-Yi Hou Feng-Cheng Chang Ren-Jei Chung |
| author_facet | Chung-Fei Lee Yung-Heng Hsu Yu-Chien Lin Thu-Trang Nguyen Hsiang-Wen Chen Sasza Chyntara Nabilla Shao-Yi Hou Feng-Cheng Chang Ren-Jei Chung |
| author_sort | Chung-Fei Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Articular cartilage defects affect millions of people worldwide, including children, adolescents, and adults. Progressive wear and tear of articular cartilage can lead to progressive tissue loss, further exposing the bony ends and leaving them unprotected, which may ultimately cause osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease). Unlike other self-repairing tissues, cartilage has a low regenerative capacity; once injured, the cartilage is much more difficult to heal. Consequently, developing methods to repair this defect remains a challenge in clinical practice. In recent years, tissue engineering applications have employed the use of three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds for growing cells to regenerate damaged cartilage. However, these scaffolds are mainly chemically synthesized polymers or are crosslinked using organic solvents. Utilizing 3D printing technologies to prepare biodegradable natural composite scaffolds could replace chemically synthesized polymers with more natural polymers or low-toxicity crosslinkers. In this study, collagen/oligomeric proanthocyanidin/oxidized hyaluronic acid composite scaffolds showing high biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties were prepared. The compressive strengths of the scaffolds were between 0.25–0.55 MPa. Cell viability of the 3D scaffolds reached up to 90%, which indicates that they are favorable surfaces for the deposition of apatite. An in vivo test was performed using the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat skull model. Histological images revealed signs of angiogenesis and new bone formation. Therefore, 3D collagen-based scaffolds can be used as potential candidates for articular cartilage repair. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:16:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-106cfa11787440ad80967e46b68c5bf3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:16:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-106cfa11787440ad80967e46b68c5bf32023-11-22T14:56:30ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-09-011318312310.3390/polym131831233D Printing of Collagen/Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Composite Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage RepairChung-Fei Lee0Yung-Heng Hsu1Yu-Chien Lin2Thu-Trang Nguyen3Hsiang-Wen Chen4Sasza Chyntara Nabilla5Shao-Yi Hou6Feng-Cheng Chang7Ren-Jei Chung8Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech.), Taipei 10608, TaiwanBone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko 33305, TaiwanDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UKDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech.), Taipei 10608, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech.), Taipei 10608, TaiwanDepartment of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UKDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech.), Taipei 10608, TaiwanSchool of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech.), Taipei 10608, TaiwanArticular cartilage defects affect millions of people worldwide, including children, adolescents, and adults. Progressive wear and tear of articular cartilage can lead to progressive tissue loss, further exposing the bony ends and leaving them unprotected, which may ultimately cause osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease). Unlike other self-repairing tissues, cartilage has a low regenerative capacity; once injured, the cartilage is much more difficult to heal. Consequently, developing methods to repair this defect remains a challenge in clinical practice. In recent years, tissue engineering applications have employed the use of three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds for growing cells to regenerate damaged cartilage. However, these scaffolds are mainly chemically synthesized polymers or are crosslinked using organic solvents. Utilizing 3D printing technologies to prepare biodegradable natural composite scaffolds could replace chemically synthesized polymers with more natural polymers or low-toxicity crosslinkers. In this study, collagen/oligomeric proanthocyanidin/oxidized hyaluronic acid composite scaffolds showing high biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties were prepared. The compressive strengths of the scaffolds were between 0.25–0.55 MPa. Cell viability of the 3D scaffolds reached up to 90%, which indicates that they are favorable surfaces for the deposition of apatite. An in vivo test was performed using the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat skull model. Histological images revealed signs of angiogenesis and new bone formation. Therefore, 3D collagen-based scaffolds can be used as potential candidates for articular cartilage repair.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/18/3123articular cartilageporous scaffolds3D printingcollagenoligomeric proanthocyanidinoxidized hyaluronic acid |
| spellingShingle | Chung-Fei Lee Yung-Heng Hsu Yu-Chien Lin Thu-Trang Nguyen Hsiang-Wen Chen Sasza Chyntara Nabilla Shao-Yi Hou Feng-Cheng Chang Ren-Jei Chung 3D Printing of Collagen/Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Composite Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair Polymers articular cartilage porous scaffolds 3D printing collagen oligomeric proanthocyanidin oxidized hyaluronic acid |
| title | 3D Printing of Collagen/Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Composite Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair |
| title_full | 3D Printing of Collagen/Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Composite Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair |
| title_fullStr | 3D Printing of Collagen/Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Composite Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D Printing of Collagen/Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Composite Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair |
| title_short | 3D Printing of Collagen/Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Composite Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair |
| title_sort | 3d printing of collagen oligomeric proanthocyanidin oxidized hyaluronic acid composite scaffolds for articular cartilage repair |
| topic | articular cartilage porous scaffolds 3D printing collagen oligomeric proanthocyanidin oxidized hyaluronic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/18/3123 |
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