Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-dwarf Companion in the Hyades
Benchmark brown dwarf companions with well-determined ages and model-independent masses are powerful tools to test substellar evolutionary models and probe the formation of giant planets and brown dwarfs. Here, we report the independent discovery of HIP 21152 B, the first imaged brown dwarf companio...
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aca408 |
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| author | Kyle Franson Brendan P. Bowler Mariangela Bonavita Timothy D. Brandt Minghan Chen Matthias Samland Zhoujian Zhang Anna Lueber Kevin Heng Daniel Kitzmann Trevor Wolf Brandon A. Jones Quang H. Tran Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi Beth Biller Jeffrey Chilcote Justin R. Crepp Trent J. Dupuy Jacqueline Faherty Clémence Fontanive Tyler D. Groff Raffaele Gratton Olivier Guyon Rebecca Jensen-Clem Nemanja Jovanovic N. Jeremy Kasdin Julien Lozi Eugene A. Magnier Koraljka Mužić Aniket Sanghi Christopher A. Theissen |
| author_facet | Kyle Franson Brendan P. Bowler Mariangela Bonavita Timothy D. Brandt Minghan Chen Matthias Samland Zhoujian Zhang Anna Lueber Kevin Heng Daniel Kitzmann Trevor Wolf Brandon A. Jones Quang H. Tran Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi Beth Biller Jeffrey Chilcote Justin R. Crepp Trent J. Dupuy Jacqueline Faherty Clémence Fontanive Tyler D. Groff Raffaele Gratton Olivier Guyon Rebecca Jensen-Clem Nemanja Jovanovic N. Jeremy Kasdin Julien Lozi Eugene A. Magnier Koraljka Mužić Aniket Sanghi Christopher A. Theissen |
| author_sort | Kyle Franson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Benchmark brown dwarf companions with well-determined ages and model-independent masses are powerful tools to test substellar evolutionary models and probe the formation of giant planets and brown dwarfs. Here, we report the independent discovery of HIP 21152 B, the first imaged brown dwarf companion in the Hyades, and conduct a comprehensive orbital and atmospheric characterization of the system. HIP 21152 was targeted in an ongoing high-contrast imaging campaign of stars exhibiting proper-motion changes between Hipparcos and Gaia, and was also recently identified by Bonavita et al. (2022) and Kuzuhara et al. (2022). Our Keck/NIRC2 and SCExAO/CHARIS imaging of HIP 21152 revealed a comoving companion at a separation of 0.″37 (16 au). We perform a joint orbit fit of all available relative astrometry and radial velocities together with the Hipparcos-Gaia proper motions, yielding a dynamical mass of ${24}_{-4}^{+6}\,{M}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ , which is 1–2 σ lower than evolutionary model predictions. Hybrid grids that include the evolution of cloud properties best reproduce the dynamical mass. We also identify a comoving wide-separation (1837″ or 7.9 × 10 ^4 au) early-L dwarf with an inferred mass near the hydrogen-burning limit. Finally, we analyze the spectra and photometry of HIP 21152 B using the Saumon & Marley (2008) atmospheric models and a suite of retrievals. The best-fit grid-based models have f _sed = 2, indicating the presence of clouds, T _eff = 1400 K, and $\mathrm{log}g=4.5\,\mathrm{dex}$ . These results are consistent with the object’s spectral type of T0 ± 1. As the first benchmark brown dwarf companion in the Hyades, HIP 21152 B joins the small but growing number of substellar companions with well-determined ages and dynamical masses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:14:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10707f513bdd4aa18c59ad8d42494116 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:14:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-10707f513bdd4aa18c59ad8d424941162023-09-03T14:11:17ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812023-01-0116523910.3847/1538-3881/aca408Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-dwarf Companion in the HyadesKyle Franson0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-414XBrendan P. Bowler1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-2288Mariangela Bonavita2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-8389Timothy D. Brandt3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2630-8073Minghan Chen4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8892-4045Matthias Samland5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9992-4067Zhoujian Zhang6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3726-4881Anna Lueber7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-0256Kevin Heng8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1907-5910Daniel Kitzmann9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-3311Trevor Wolf10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-8829Brandon A. Jones11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-6320Quang H. Tran12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6532-6755Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-7072Beth Biller14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4614-7035Jeffrey Chilcote15Justin R. Crepp16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0800-0593Trent J. Dupuy17https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-1445Jacqueline Faherty18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-0573Clémence Fontanive19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-9932Tyler D. Groff20https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5978-3247Raffaele Gratton21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-6805Olivier Guyon22https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-9908Rebecca Jensen-Clem23https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0054-2953Nemanja Jovanovic24https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-6207N. Jeremy Kasdin25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-7486Julien Lozi26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3047-1845Eugene A. Magnier27https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-2815Koraljka Mužić28https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-2595Aniket Sanghi29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1838-4757Christopher A. Theissen30https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9807-5435Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA ; kfranson@utexas.eduDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA ; kfranson@utexas.eduSchool of Physical Sciences, The Open University , Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UKDepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USADepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USAMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA ; kfranson@utexas.eduCenter for Space and Habitability, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Ludwig Maximilian University , University Observatory Munich, Scheinerstr. 1, Munich D-81679, GermanyCenter for Space and Habitability, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Ludwig Maximilian University , University Observatory Munich, Scheinerstr. 1, Munich D-81679, Germany; Department of Physics, Astronomy & Astrophysics Group, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UKCenter for Space and Habitability, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA ; kfranson@utexas.eduAmerican Museum of Natural History , 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USASUPA, Institute for Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UKDepartment of Physics, University of Notre Dame , 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USADepartment of Physics, University of Notre Dame , 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UKAmerican Museum of Natural History , 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USACenter for Space and Habitability, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandNASA-Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAINAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35121 Padova, ItalySubaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 650 North A‘ohōkū Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Astrobiology Center of NINS , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanAstronomy & Astrophysics Department, University of California, Santa Cruz , CA 95064, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544-5263, USASubaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 650 North A‘ohōkū Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USACENTRA, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , Ed. C8, Campo Grande, P-1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA ; kfranson@utexas.eduCenter for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USABenchmark brown dwarf companions with well-determined ages and model-independent masses are powerful tools to test substellar evolutionary models and probe the formation of giant planets and brown dwarfs. Here, we report the independent discovery of HIP 21152 B, the first imaged brown dwarf companion in the Hyades, and conduct a comprehensive orbital and atmospheric characterization of the system. HIP 21152 was targeted in an ongoing high-contrast imaging campaign of stars exhibiting proper-motion changes between Hipparcos and Gaia, and was also recently identified by Bonavita et al. (2022) and Kuzuhara et al. (2022). Our Keck/NIRC2 and SCExAO/CHARIS imaging of HIP 21152 revealed a comoving companion at a separation of 0.″37 (16 au). We perform a joint orbit fit of all available relative astrometry and radial velocities together with the Hipparcos-Gaia proper motions, yielding a dynamical mass of ${24}_{-4}^{+6}\,{M}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ , which is 1–2 σ lower than evolutionary model predictions. Hybrid grids that include the evolution of cloud properties best reproduce the dynamical mass. We also identify a comoving wide-separation (1837″ or 7.9 × 10 ^4 au) early-L dwarf with an inferred mass near the hydrogen-burning limit. Finally, we analyze the spectra and photometry of HIP 21152 B using the Saumon & Marley (2008) atmospheric models and a suite of retrievals. The best-fit grid-based models have f _sed = 2, indicating the presence of clouds, T _eff = 1400 K, and $\mathrm{log}g=4.5\,\mathrm{dex}$ . These results are consistent with the object’s spectral type of T0 ± 1. As the first benchmark brown dwarf companion in the Hyades, HIP 21152 B joins the small but growing number of substellar companions with well-determined ages and dynamical masses.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aca408Brown dwarfsDirect imagingT dwarfsAstrometryOrbit determinationAtmospheric clouds |
| spellingShingle | Kyle Franson Brendan P. Bowler Mariangela Bonavita Timothy D. Brandt Minghan Chen Matthias Samland Zhoujian Zhang Anna Lueber Kevin Heng Daniel Kitzmann Trevor Wolf Brandon A. Jones Quang H. Tran Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi Beth Biller Jeffrey Chilcote Justin R. Crepp Trent J. Dupuy Jacqueline Faherty Clémence Fontanive Tyler D. Groff Raffaele Gratton Olivier Guyon Rebecca Jensen-Clem Nemanja Jovanovic N. Jeremy Kasdin Julien Lozi Eugene A. Magnier Koraljka Mužić Aniket Sanghi Christopher A. Theissen Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-dwarf Companion in the Hyades The Astronomical Journal Brown dwarfs Direct imaging T dwarfs Astrometry Orbit determination Atmospheric clouds |
| title | Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-dwarf Companion in the Hyades |
| title_full | Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-dwarf Companion in the Hyades |
| title_fullStr | Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-dwarf Companion in the Hyades |
| title_full_unstemmed | Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-dwarf Companion in the Hyades |
| title_short | Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-dwarf Companion in the Hyades |
| title_sort | astrometric accelerations as dynamical beacons discovery and characterization of hip 21152 b the first t dwarf companion in the hyades |
| topic | Brown dwarfs Direct imaging T dwarfs Astrometry Orbit determination Atmospheric clouds |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aca408 |
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