| Summary: | <h4>Background</h4>Presepsin is involved in binding lipopolysaccharides and previous studies have confirmed its value as a marker for early diagnosis and prediction of severity in sepsis. Comparable studies assessing the predictive potential regarding postoperative complications and mortality following pancreatic resection are lacking.<h4>Methods</h4>This prospective study included 70 patients undergoing pancreatic resection from December 2017 until May 2019. Presepsin was measured preoperatively, on postoperative day 1, 3 and 8 (POD1/3/8) and correlated with the clinical course and mortality.<h4>Results</h4>Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥3a) occurred in 28 patients (40%), postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) grade B/C occurred in 20 patients (28.6%), infectious complications in 28 (40%), and four patients (5.7%) died during hospital stay. Presepsin levels at any timepoint did not correlate with further development of postoperative complications or in-hospital mortality whereas CRP levels on postoperative day (POD) 3 were significantly associated with clinically relevant POPF (AUC 0.664, 95%CI 0.528-0.800; p = 0.033). Preoperative Presepsin levels as well as Presepsin on POD1 were significantly elevated in patients with malignant compared to benign underlying disease (299pg/ml vs. 174pg/ml and 693.5pg/ml vs. 294pg/ml; p = 0.009 and 0.013, respectively).<h4>Conclusion</h4>In our cohort, Presepsin was not eligible to predict the postoperative course following pancreatic resection. However, Presepsin levels were significantly elevated in patients with malignant disease, this finding warrants further investigation.
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