Molecular Phylogeny of Endophytic Fungi from Rattan (<i>Calamus castaneus</i> Griff.) Spines and Their Antagonistic Activities against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
<i>Calamus castaneus</i> is a common rattan palm species in the tropical forests of Peninsular Malaysia and is noticeable by the yellow-based spines that cover the stems. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fungal endophytes within <i>C. castaneus</i> spines and w...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/301 |
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| author | Nurul Farizah Azuddin Masratul Hawa Mohd Nik Fadzly N. Rosely Asyraf Mansor Latiffah Zakaria |
| author_facet | Nurul Farizah Azuddin Masratul Hawa Mohd Nik Fadzly N. Rosely Asyraf Mansor Latiffah Zakaria |
| author_sort | Nurul Farizah Azuddin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Calamus castaneus</i> is a common rattan palm species in the tropical forests of Peninsular Malaysia and is noticeable by the yellow-based spines that cover the stems. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fungal endophytes within <i>C. castaneus</i> spines and whether they inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens. Twenty-one genera with 40 species of fungal endophytes were isolated and identified from rattan palm spines. Based on molecular identification, the most common isolates recovered from the spines were <i>Colletotrichum</i> (<i>n =</i> 19) and <i>Diaporthe</i> spp. (<i>n =</i> 18), followed by <i>Phyllosticta</i> spp., <i>Xylaria</i> sp., <i>Trichoderma</i> spp., <i>Helminthosporium</i> spp., <i>Penicillium</i> spp., <i>Fusarium</i> spp., <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i> spp., <i>Arthrinium</i> sp., <i>Cyphellophora</i> sp., <i>Cladosporium</i> spp., <i>Curvularia</i> sp., <i>Bionectria</i> sp., and <i>Acremonium</i> spp. Non-sporulating fungi were also identified, namely <i>Nemania primolutea</i>, <i>Pidoplitchkoviella terricola</i>, <i>Muyocopron laterale</i>, <i>Acrocalymma fici</i>, <i>Acrocalymma medicaginis</i>, and <i>Endomelanconiopsis endophytica</i>. The isolation of these endophytes showed that the spines harbor endophytic fungi. Most of the fungal endophytes inhibited the growth of several plant pathogenic fungi, with 68% of the interactions resulting in mutual inhibition, producing a clear inhibition zone of <2 mm. Our findings demonstrate the potential of the fungal endophytes from <i>C. castaneus</i> spines as biocontrol agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:17:59Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1075687f481f49ec855bcef2206dcd26 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:17:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1075687f481f49ec855bcef2206dcd262023-11-21T15:41:12ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-04-017430110.3390/jof7040301Molecular Phylogeny of Endophytic Fungi from Rattan (<i>Calamus castaneus</i> Griff.) Spines and Their Antagonistic Activities against Plant Pathogenic FungiNurul Farizah Azuddin0Masratul Hawa Mohd1Nik Fadzly N. Rosely2Asyraf Mansor3Latiffah Zakaria4School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia<i>Calamus castaneus</i> is a common rattan palm species in the tropical forests of Peninsular Malaysia and is noticeable by the yellow-based spines that cover the stems. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fungal endophytes within <i>C. castaneus</i> spines and whether they inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens. Twenty-one genera with 40 species of fungal endophytes were isolated and identified from rattan palm spines. Based on molecular identification, the most common isolates recovered from the spines were <i>Colletotrichum</i> (<i>n =</i> 19) and <i>Diaporthe</i> spp. (<i>n =</i> 18), followed by <i>Phyllosticta</i> spp., <i>Xylaria</i> sp., <i>Trichoderma</i> spp., <i>Helminthosporium</i> spp., <i>Penicillium</i> spp., <i>Fusarium</i> spp., <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i> spp., <i>Arthrinium</i> sp., <i>Cyphellophora</i> sp., <i>Cladosporium</i> spp., <i>Curvularia</i> sp., <i>Bionectria</i> sp., and <i>Acremonium</i> spp. Non-sporulating fungi were also identified, namely <i>Nemania primolutea</i>, <i>Pidoplitchkoviella terricola</i>, <i>Muyocopron laterale</i>, <i>Acrocalymma fici</i>, <i>Acrocalymma medicaginis</i>, and <i>Endomelanconiopsis endophytica</i>. The isolation of these endophytes showed that the spines harbor endophytic fungi. Most of the fungal endophytes inhibited the growth of several plant pathogenic fungi, with 68% of the interactions resulting in mutual inhibition, producing a clear inhibition zone of <2 mm. Our findings demonstrate the potential of the fungal endophytes from <i>C. castaneus</i> spines as biocontrol agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/301endophytespines rattan palmphylogenybiocontrolplant pathogenic fungi |
| spellingShingle | Nurul Farizah Azuddin Masratul Hawa Mohd Nik Fadzly N. Rosely Asyraf Mansor Latiffah Zakaria Molecular Phylogeny of Endophytic Fungi from Rattan (<i>Calamus castaneus</i> Griff.) Spines and Their Antagonistic Activities against Plant Pathogenic Fungi Journal of Fungi endophyte spines rattan palm phylogeny biocontrol plant pathogenic fungi |
| title | Molecular Phylogeny of Endophytic Fungi from Rattan (<i>Calamus castaneus</i> Griff.) Spines and Their Antagonistic Activities against Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_full | Molecular Phylogeny of Endophytic Fungi from Rattan (<i>Calamus castaneus</i> Griff.) Spines and Their Antagonistic Activities against Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Phylogeny of Endophytic Fungi from Rattan (<i>Calamus castaneus</i> Griff.) Spines and Their Antagonistic Activities against Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Phylogeny of Endophytic Fungi from Rattan (<i>Calamus castaneus</i> Griff.) Spines and Their Antagonistic Activities against Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_short | Molecular Phylogeny of Endophytic Fungi from Rattan (<i>Calamus castaneus</i> Griff.) Spines and Their Antagonistic Activities against Plant Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_sort | molecular phylogeny of endophytic fungi from rattan i calamus castaneus i griff spines and their antagonistic activities against plant pathogenic fungi |
| topic | endophyte spines rattan palm phylogeny biocontrol plant pathogenic fungi |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/301 |
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