Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan

The Kingdom of Bhutan is endowed with abundant water resources. However, owing to rugged topography and associated climatic variations, accessibility remains a major challenge with communities facing seasonal and local scarcity of water. Generally, freshwater appears in the form of glaciers, lakes,...

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Main Authors: Jigme Tenzin, Yeshi Yangdon, Karma Wangchuk, Pema Rinchen, Tashi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: CV. Literasi Indonesia 2022-04-01
Series:Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijsei/article/view/452
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author Jigme Tenzin
Yeshi Yangdon
Karma Wangchuk
Pema Rinchen
Tashi
author_facet Jigme Tenzin
Yeshi Yangdon
Karma Wangchuk
Pema Rinchen
Tashi
author_sort Jigme Tenzin
collection DOAJ
description The Kingdom of Bhutan is endowed with abundant water resources. However, owing to rugged topography and associated climatic variations, accessibility remains a major challenge with communities facing seasonal and local scarcity of water. Generally, freshwater appears in the form of glaciers, lakes, wetlands, marshes, springs, and streams which support diverse life and livelihood. However, comprehensive inventories of water resources seem lacking in a water-rich country like Bhutan. Thus, water sources inventory was carried out using Focus Group Discussion and semi-structured questionnaires survey with 81 households (27 villages) from three highly populated gewog under Sarpang district in 2016 and collected the geo-coordinates (location) of each water source using Garmin GPS. The survey recorded a total of 104 perennial water sources from three gewogs under the district. Among the three gewogs, Samtenling and Dekiling have the highest water sources (n = 40) and Gelephu has the lowest (n = 24). While, in the case of source types, Samtenling gewog has the highest (n = 29), followed by Gelephu (n = 18) and Dekiling has the lowest (n = 14). Likewise, Dekiling has the highest number of streams (n = 24), followed by Samtenling (n = 9) and the lowest was Gelephu (n = 6). Therefore, periodic monitor of existing water sources, strengthening water governance, and adaptation of an integrated watershed management plan backed with detailed hydro-geological assessment covering entire watersheds are suggested for ensuring sustainable management of water sources, but also mitigates the climate change effects of these regions in the future.
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spelling doaj.art-1078456296d549dd82ae726279d2b3a52022-12-22T00:15:15ZengCV. Literasi IndonesiaIndonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues2722-13692022-04-0131495710.47540/ijsei.v3i1.452453Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, BhutanJigme Tenzin0Yeshi Yangdon1Karma Wangchuk2Pema Rinchen3Tashi4Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, BhutanDepartment of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, BhutanDepartment of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, BhutanDepartment of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, BhutanDepartment of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, BhutanThe Kingdom of Bhutan is endowed with abundant water resources. However, owing to rugged topography and associated climatic variations, accessibility remains a major challenge with communities facing seasonal and local scarcity of water. Generally, freshwater appears in the form of glaciers, lakes, wetlands, marshes, springs, and streams which support diverse life and livelihood. However, comprehensive inventories of water resources seem lacking in a water-rich country like Bhutan. Thus, water sources inventory was carried out using Focus Group Discussion and semi-structured questionnaires survey with 81 households (27 villages) from three highly populated gewog under Sarpang district in 2016 and collected the geo-coordinates (location) of each water source using Garmin GPS. The survey recorded a total of 104 perennial water sources from three gewogs under the district. Among the three gewogs, Samtenling and Dekiling have the highest water sources (n = 40) and Gelephu has the lowest (n = 24). While, in the case of source types, Samtenling gewog has the highest (n = 29), followed by Gelephu (n = 18) and Dekiling has the lowest (n = 14). Likewise, Dekiling has the highest number of streams (n = 24), followed by Samtenling (n = 9) and the lowest was Gelephu (n = 6). Therefore, periodic monitor of existing water sources, strengthening water governance, and adaptation of an integrated watershed management plan backed with detailed hydro-geological assessment covering entire watersheds are suggested for ensuring sustainable management of water sources, but also mitigates the climate change effects of these regions in the future.https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijsei/article/view/452distributioninventorymonitoringsustainable managementwater sources
spellingShingle Jigme Tenzin
Yeshi Yangdon
Karma Wangchuk
Pema Rinchen
Tashi
Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan
Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues
distribution
inventory
monitoring
sustainable management
water sources
title Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan
title_full Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan
title_fullStr Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan
title_full_unstemmed Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan
title_short Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan
title_sort water sources inventory annotated checklist and distribution of water sources under gelephu samtenling and dekiling gewog in sarpang district bhutan
topic distribution
inventory
monitoring
sustainable management
water sources
url https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijsei/article/view/452
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