Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan
The Kingdom of Bhutan is endowed with abundant water resources. However, owing to rugged topography and associated climatic variations, accessibility remains a major challenge with communities facing seasonal and local scarcity of water. Generally, freshwater appears in the form of glaciers, lakes,...
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Language: | English |
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CV. Literasi Indonesia
2022-04-01
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Series: | Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues |
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Online Access: | https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijsei/article/view/452 |
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author | Jigme Tenzin Yeshi Yangdon Karma Wangchuk Pema Rinchen Tashi |
author_facet | Jigme Tenzin Yeshi Yangdon Karma Wangchuk Pema Rinchen Tashi |
author_sort | Jigme Tenzin |
collection | DOAJ |
description | The Kingdom of Bhutan is endowed with abundant water resources. However, owing to rugged topography and associated climatic variations, accessibility remains a major challenge with communities facing seasonal and local scarcity of water. Generally, freshwater appears in the form of glaciers, lakes, wetlands, marshes, springs, and streams which support diverse life and livelihood. However, comprehensive inventories of water resources seem lacking in a water-rich country like Bhutan. Thus, water sources inventory was carried out using Focus Group Discussion and semi-structured questionnaires survey with 81 households (27 villages) from three highly populated gewog under Sarpang district in 2016 and collected the geo-coordinates (location) of each water source using Garmin GPS. The survey recorded a total of 104 perennial water sources from three gewogs under the district. Among the three gewogs, Samtenling and Dekiling have the highest water sources (n = 40) and Gelephu has the lowest (n = 24). While, in the case of source types, Samtenling gewog has the highest (n = 29), followed by Gelephu (n = 18) and Dekiling has the lowest (n = 14). Likewise, Dekiling has the highest number of streams (n = 24), followed by Samtenling (n = 9) and the lowest was Gelephu (n = 6). Therefore, periodic monitor of existing water sources, strengthening water governance, and adaptation of an integrated watershed management plan backed with detailed hydro-geological assessment covering entire watersheds are suggested for ensuring sustainable management of water sources, but also mitigates the climate change effects of these regions in the future. |
first_indexed | 2024-12-12T18:55:00Z |
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id | doaj.art-1078456296d549dd82ae726279d2b3a5 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2722-1369 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-12-12T18:55:00Z |
publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
publisher | CV. Literasi Indonesia |
record_format | Article |
series | Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues |
spelling | doaj.art-1078456296d549dd82ae726279d2b3a52022-12-22T00:15:15ZengCV. Literasi IndonesiaIndonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues2722-13692022-04-0131495710.47540/ijsei.v3i1.452453Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, BhutanJigme Tenzin0Yeshi Yangdon1Karma Wangchuk2Pema Rinchen3Tashi4Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, BhutanDepartment of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, BhutanDepartment of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, BhutanDepartment of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, BhutanDepartment of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, BhutanThe Kingdom of Bhutan is endowed with abundant water resources. However, owing to rugged topography and associated climatic variations, accessibility remains a major challenge with communities facing seasonal and local scarcity of water. Generally, freshwater appears in the form of glaciers, lakes, wetlands, marshes, springs, and streams which support diverse life and livelihood. However, comprehensive inventories of water resources seem lacking in a water-rich country like Bhutan. Thus, water sources inventory was carried out using Focus Group Discussion and semi-structured questionnaires survey with 81 households (27 villages) from three highly populated gewog under Sarpang district in 2016 and collected the geo-coordinates (location) of each water source using Garmin GPS. The survey recorded a total of 104 perennial water sources from three gewogs under the district. Among the three gewogs, Samtenling and Dekiling have the highest water sources (n = 40) and Gelephu has the lowest (n = 24). While, in the case of source types, Samtenling gewog has the highest (n = 29), followed by Gelephu (n = 18) and Dekiling has the lowest (n = 14). Likewise, Dekiling has the highest number of streams (n = 24), followed by Samtenling (n = 9) and the lowest was Gelephu (n = 6). Therefore, periodic monitor of existing water sources, strengthening water governance, and adaptation of an integrated watershed management plan backed with detailed hydro-geological assessment covering entire watersheds are suggested for ensuring sustainable management of water sources, but also mitigates the climate change effects of these regions in the future.https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijsei/article/view/452distributioninventorymonitoringsustainable managementwater sources |
spellingShingle | Jigme Tenzin Yeshi Yangdon Karma Wangchuk Pema Rinchen Tashi Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues distribution inventory monitoring sustainable management water sources |
title | Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan |
title_full | Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan |
title_fullStr | Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan |
title_full_unstemmed | Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan |
title_short | Water Sources Inventory, Annotated Checklist, and Distribution of Water Sources Under Gelephu, Samtenling, and Dekiling Gewog in Sarpang District, Bhutan |
title_sort | water sources inventory annotated checklist and distribution of water sources under gelephu samtenling and dekiling gewog in sarpang district bhutan |
topic | distribution inventory monitoring sustainable management water sources |
url | https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijsei/article/view/452 |
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