Advancing Solar Magnetic Field Extrapolations through Multiheight Magnetic Field Measurements
Nonlinear force-free extrapolations are a common approach to estimate the 3D topology of coronal magnetic fields based on photospheric vector magnetograms. The force-free assumption is a valid approximation at coronal heights, but for the dense plasma conditions in the lower atmosphere, this assumpt...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad2450 |
| _version_ | 1797299271980023808 |
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| author | Robert Jarolim Benoit Tremblay Matthias Rempel Momchil Molnar Astrid M. Veronig Julia K. Thalmann Tatiana Podladchikova |
| author_facet | Robert Jarolim Benoit Tremblay Matthias Rempel Momchil Molnar Astrid M. Veronig Julia K. Thalmann Tatiana Podladchikova |
| author_sort | Robert Jarolim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nonlinear force-free extrapolations are a common approach to estimate the 3D topology of coronal magnetic fields based on photospheric vector magnetograms. The force-free assumption is a valid approximation at coronal heights, but for the dense plasma conditions in the lower atmosphere, this assumption is not satisfied. In this study, we utilize multiheight magnetic field measurements in combination with physics-informed neural networks to advance solar magnetic field extrapolations. We include a flexible height-mapping, which allows us to account for the different formation heights of the observed magnetic field measurements. The comparison to analytical and simulated magnetic fields demonstrates that including chromospheric magnetic field measurements leads to a significant improvement of our magnetic field extrapolations. We also apply our method to chromospheric line-of-sight magnetograms from the Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) on the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) observatory, in combination with photospheric vector magnetograms from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The comparison to observations in extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths shows that the additional chromospheric information leads to a better agreement with the observed coronal structures. In addition, our method intrinsically provides an estimate of the corrugation of the observed magnetograms. With this new approach, we make efficient use of multiheight magnetic field measurements and advance the realism of coronal magnetic field simulations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:47:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-107a5c2664a045c1b6dfcc18beb11fd7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:47:12Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-107a5c2664a045c1b6dfcc18beb11fd72024-02-23T14:49:16ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052024-01-019631L2110.3847/2041-8213/ad2450Advancing Solar Magnetic Field Extrapolations through Multiheight Magnetic Field MeasurementsRobert Jarolim0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-2981Benoit Tremblay1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5181-7913Matthias Rempel2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-3119Momchil Molnar3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-0516Astrid M. Veronig4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2073-002XJulia K. Thalmann5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8985-2549Tatiana Podladchikova6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9189-1579University of Graz , Institute of Physics, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria; High Altitude Observatory , 3080 Center Green Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, USAHigh Altitude Observatory , 3080 Center Green Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, USAHigh Altitude Observatory , 3080 Center Green Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, USAHigh Altitude Observatory , 3080 Center Green Dr., Boulder, CO 80301, USAUniversity of Graz , Institute of Physics, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria; University of Graz , Kanzelhöhe Observatory for Solar and Environmental Research, Kanzelhöhe 19, 9521 Treffen am Ossiacher See, AustriaUniversity of Graz , Institute of Physics, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, AustriaSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow 121205, RussiaNonlinear force-free extrapolations are a common approach to estimate the 3D topology of coronal magnetic fields based on photospheric vector magnetograms. The force-free assumption is a valid approximation at coronal heights, but for the dense plasma conditions in the lower atmosphere, this assumption is not satisfied. In this study, we utilize multiheight magnetic field measurements in combination with physics-informed neural networks to advance solar magnetic field extrapolations. We include a flexible height-mapping, which allows us to account for the different formation heights of the observed magnetic field measurements. The comparison to analytical and simulated magnetic fields demonstrates that including chromospheric magnetic field measurements leads to a significant improvement of our magnetic field extrapolations. We also apply our method to chromospheric line-of-sight magnetograms from the Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) on the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) observatory, in combination with photospheric vector magnetograms from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The comparison to observations in extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths shows that the additional chromospheric information leads to a better agreement with the observed coronal structures. In addition, our method intrinsically provides an estimate of the corrugation of the observed magnetograms. With this new approach, we make efficient use of multiheight magnetic field measurements and advance the realism of coronal magnetic field simulations.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad2450Solar magnetic fieldsNeural networksSolar corona |
| spellingShingle | Robert Jarolim Benoit Tremblay Matthias Rempel Momchil Molnar Astrid M. Veronig Julia K. Thalmann Tatiana Podladchikova Advancing Solar Magnetic Field Extrapolations through Multiheight Magnetic Field Measurements The Astrophysical Journal Letters Solar magnetic fields Neural networks Solar corona |
| title | Advancing Solar Magnetic Field Extrapolations through Multiheight Magnetic Field Measurements |
| title_full | Advancing Solar Magnetic Field Extrapolations through Multiheight Magnetic Field Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Advancing Solar Magnetic Field Extrapolations through Multiheight Magnetic Field Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advancing Solar Magnetic Field Extrapolations through Multiheight Magnetic Field Measurements |
| title_short | Advancing Solar Magnetic Field Extrapolations through Multiheight Magnetic Field Measurements |
| title_sort | advancing solar magnetic field extrapolations through multiheight magnetic field measurements |
| topic | Solar magnetic fields Neural networks Solar corona |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad2450 |
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