Estimation of Glucosinolates and Anthocyanins in Kale Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory Using Spectral Reflectance
The spectral reflectance technique for the quantification of the functional components was applied in different studies for different crops, but related research on kale leaves is limited. This study was conducted to estimate the glucosinolate and anthocyanin components of kale leaves cultivated in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/3/56 |
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| author | Milon Chowdhury Viet-Duc Ngo Md Nafiul Islam Mohammod Ali Sumaiya Islam Kamal Rasool Sang-Un Park Sun-Ok Chung |
| author_facet | Milon Chowdhury Viet-Duc Ngo Md Nafiul Islam Mohammod Ali Sumaiya Islam Kamal Rasool Sang-Un Park Sun-Ok Chung |
| author_sort | Milon Chowdhury |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The spectral reflectance technique for the quantification of the functional components was applied in different studies for different crops, but related research on kale leaves is limited. This study was conducted to estimate the glucosinolate and anthocyanin components of kale leaves cultivated in a plant factory based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy through regression methods. Kale was grown in a plant factory under different treatments. After specific periods of transplantation, leaf samples were collected, and reflectance spectra were measured immediately from nine different points on each leaf. The same leaf samples were freeze-dried and stored for analysis of the functional components. Regression procedures, such as principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), were applied to relate the functional components with the spectral data. In the laboratory analysis, progoitrin and glucobrassicin, as well as cyanidin and malvidin, were found to be dominating components in glucosinolates and anthocyanins, respectively. From the overall analysis, the SMLR model showed better performance, and the identified wavelengths for estimating the glucosinolates and anthocyanins were in the early near-infrared (NIR) region. Specifically, reflectance at 742, 761, 787, 796, 805, 833, 855, 932, 947, and 1000 nm showed a strong correlation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:02:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1088c0ae96734179a05e95e1e7ccb842 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:02:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-1088c0ae96734179a05e95e1e7ccb8422023-11-21T11:23:29ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242021-03-01735610.3390/horticulturae7030056Estimation of Glucosinolates and Anthocyanins in Kale Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory Using Spectral ReflectanceMilon Chowdhury0Viet-Duc Ngo1Md Nafiul Islam2Mohammod Ali3Sumaiya Islam4Kamal Rasool5Sang-Un Park6Sun-Ok Chung7Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate school, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDivision of Computational Mechatronics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamDepartment of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate school, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate school, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Smart Agricultural Systems, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate school, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Crop Science, Graduate school, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate school, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaThe spectral reflectance technique for the quantification of the functional components was applied in different studies for different crops, but related research on kale leaves is limited. This study was conducted to estimate the glucosinolate and anthocyanin components of kale leaves cultivated in a plant factory based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy through regression methods. Kale was grown in a plant factory under different treatments. After specific periods of transplantation, leaf samples were collected, and reflectance spectra were measured immediately from nine different points on each leaf. The same leaf samples were freeze-dried and stored for analysis of the functional components. Regression procedures, such as principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), were applied to relate the functional components with the spectral data. In the laboratory analysis, progoitrin and glucobrassicin, as well as cyanidin and malvidin, were found to be dominating components in glucosinolates and anthocyanins, respectively. From the overall analysis, the SMLR model showed better performance, and the identified wavelengths for estimating the glucosinolates and anthocyanins were in the early near-infrared (NIR) region. Specifically, reflectance at 742, 761, 787, 796, 805, 833, 855, 932, 947, and 1000 nm showed a strong correlation.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/3/56protected horticulturecrop sensorfunctional componentsreflectance spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Milon Chowdhury Viet-Duc Ngo Md Nafiul Islam Mohammod Ali Sumaiya Islam Kamal Rasool Sang-Un Park Sun-Ok Chung Estimation of Glucosinolates and Anthocyanins in Kale Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory Using Spectral Reflectance Horticulturae protected horticulture crop sensor functional components reflectance spectroscopy |
| title | Estimation of Glucosinolates and Anthocyanins in Kale Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory Using Spectral Reflectance |
| title_full | Estimation of Glucosinolates and Anthocyanins in Kale Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory Using Spectral Reflectance |
| title_fullStr | Estimation of Glucosinolates and Anthocyanins in Kale Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory Using Spectral Reflectance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of Glucosinolates and Anthocyanins in Kale Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory Using Spectral Reflectance |
| title_short | Estimation of Glucosinolates and Anthocyanins in Kale Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory Using Spectral Reflectance |
| title_sort | estimation of glucosinolates and anthocyanins in kale leaves grown in a plant factory using spectral reflectance |
| topic | protected horticulture crop sensor functional components reflectance spectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/3/56 |
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