Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a clinical syndrome involving hemolytic anemia (with fragmented red blood cells), low levels of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia), and acute kidney injury (AKI). It is the majo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/1/10 |
| _version_ | 1827621536025018368 |
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| author | Yang Liu Hatim Thaker Chunyan Wang Zhonggao Xu Min Dong |
| author_facet | Yang Liu Hatim Thaker Chunyan Wang Zhonggao Xu Min Dong |
| author_sort | Yang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a clinical syndrome involving hemolytic anemia (with fragmented red blood cells), low levels of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia), and acute kidney injury (AKI). It is the major infectious cause of AKI in children. In severe cases, neurological complications and even death may occur. Treating STEC-HUS is challenging, as patients often already have organ injuries when they seek medical treatment. Early diagnosis is of great significance for improving prognosis and reducing mortality and sequelae. In this review, we first briefly summarize the diagnostics for STEC-HUS, including history taking, clinical manifestations, fecal and serological detection methods for STEC, and complement activation monitoring. We also summarize preventive and therapeutic strategies for STEC-HUS, such as vaccines, volume expansion, renal replacement therapy (RRT), antibiotics, plasma exchange, antibodies and inhibitors that interfere with receptor binding, and the intracellular trafficking of the Shiga toxin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:05:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10899f0230c241418ed9bb8a7fe42b0f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:05:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-10899f0230c241418ed9bb8a7fe42b0f2023-12-01T00:56:24ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-12-011511010.3390/toxins15010010Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated Hemolytic Uremic SyndromeYang Liu0Hatim Thaker1Chunyan Wang2Zhonggao Xu3Min Dong4Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USADepartment of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USAShiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a clinical syndrome involving hemolytic anemia (with fragmented red blood cells), low levels of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia), and acute kidney injury (AKI). It is the major infectious cause of AKI in children. In severe cases, neurological complications and even death may occur. Treating STEC-HUS is challenging, as patients often already have organ injuries when they seek medical treatment. Early diagnosis is of great significance for improving prognosis and reducing mortality and sequelae. In this review, we first briefly summarize the diagnostics for STEC-HUS, including history taking, clinical manifestations, fecal and serological detection methods for STEC, and complement activation monitoring. We also summarize preventive and therapeutic strategies for STEC-HUS, such as vaccines, volume expansion, renal replacement therapy (RRT), antibiotics, plasma exchange, antibodies and inhibitors that interfere with receptor binding, and the intracellular trafficking of the Shiga toxin.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/1/10Shiga toxinhemolytic uremic syndromeSTEC-HUSdiagnosispreventiontreatment |
| spellingShingle | Yang Liu Hatim Thaker Chunyan Wang Zhonggao Xu Min Dong Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Toxins Shiga toxin hemolytic uremic syndrome STEC-HUS diagnosis prevention treatment |
| title | Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
| title_full | Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
| title_fullStr | Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
| title_short | Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
| title_sort | diagnosis and treatment for shiga toxin producing i escherichia coli i associated hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| topic | Shiga toxin hemolytic uremic syndrome STEC-HUS diagnosis prevention treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/1/10 |
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