Smoking, depression, and hospital costs of respiratory cancers: Examining race and sex variation
Objective: To investigate the effect of smoking and depression on hospital costs for lung cancer (LC). Methods: We extracted data on depression, smoking history, demographics, and hospital charges for patients with respiratory cancers (ICD-9 codes 161–163, 165) from the 2008 Tennessee Hospital Disch...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2017-05-01
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| Series: | Family Medicine and Community Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cscript/fmch/2017/00000005/00000001/art00004 |
| _version_ | 1817995726460813312 |
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| author | Baqar A. Husaini Robert S. Levine Phillip Lammers Pam Hull Meggan Novotny Majaz Moonis |
| author_facet | Baqar A. Husaini Robert S. Levine Phillip Lammers Pam Hull Meggan Novotny Majaz Moonis |
| author_sort | Baqar A. Husaini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: To investigate the effect of smoking and depression on hospital costs for lung cancer (LC). Methods: We extracted data on depression, smoking history, demographics, and hospital charges for patients with respiratory cancers (ICD-9 codes 161–163, 165) from the 2008 Tennessee Hospital Discharge Data System. The sample (n=6665) was mostly white (86%) and male (57%). Age-adjusted rates were developed in accordance with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention methods, and hospital costs were compared for patients with LC with versus without depression and a smoking history. Results: Three findings (P<0.001) emerged: (1) the LC rate was higher among blacks than among whites, and higher among men than among women; (2) while 66% of LC patients smoked (more men than women without racial variation), 24% had depression (more females and whites were depressed); (3) the LC hospital cost was 54% higher than the non-LC hospital cost, and this cost doubled for patients with LC with depression and smoking versus those without such characteristics. Conclusion: While LC is more prevalent among blacks and men, depression is higher among female and white patients. Since depression with higher costs existed among LC patients, our findings point to (1) the possibility of cost savings by diagnosing and treating depression among LC patients, and (2) implementation of proven smoking cessation programs to reduce LC morbidity and hospital costs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:11:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-108ef51418de44f9a4a2cfe252e47232 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6983 2009-8774 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:11:02Z |
| publishDate | 2017-05-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Family Medicine and Community Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-108ef51418de44f9a4a2cfe252e472322022-12-22T02:18:25ZengBMJ Publishing GroupFamily Medicine and Community Health2305-69832009-87742017-05-0151294210.15212/FMCH.2017.0109Smoking, depression, and hospital costs of respiratory cancers: Examining race and sex variationBaqar A. Husaini0Robert S. Levine1Phillip Lammers2Pam Hull3Meggan Novotny4Majaz Moonis5Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USADepartment of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USAMeharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USADivision of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USACounseling Psychology, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USADepartment of Medicine – Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USAObjective: To investigate the effect of smoking and depression on hospital costs for lung cancer (LC). Methods: We extracted data on depression, smoking history, demographics, and hospital charges for patients with respiratory cancers (ICD-9 codes 161–163, 165) from the 2008 Tennessee Hospital Discharge Data System. The sample (n=6665) was mostly white (86%) and male (57%). Age-adjusted rates were developed in accordance with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention methods, and hospital costs were compared for patients with LC with versus without depression and a smoking history. Results: Three findings (P<0.001) emerged: (1) the LC rate was higher among blacks than among whites, and higher among men than among women; (2) while 66% of LC patients smoked (more men than women without racial variation), 24% had depression (more females and whites were depressed); (3) the LC hospital cost was 54% higher than the non-LC hospital cost, and this cost doubled for patients with LC with depression and smoking versus those without such characteristics. Conclusion: While LC is more prevalent among blacks and men, depression is higher among female and white patients. Since depression with higher costs existed among LC patients, our findings point to (1) the possibility of cost savings by diagnosing and treating depression among LC patients, and (2) implementation of proven smoking cessation programs to reduce LC morbidity and hospital costs.http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cscript/fmch/2017/00000005/00000001/art00004Smokingdepressionlung cancerracesex |
| spellingShingle | Baqar A. Husaini Robert S. Levine Phillip Lammers Pam Hull Meggan Novotny Majaz Moonis Smoking, depression, and hospital costs of respiratory cancers: Examining race and sex variation Family Medicine and Community Health Smoking depression lung cancer race sex |
| title | Smoking, depression, and hospital costs of respiratory cancers: Examining race and sex variation |
| title_full | Smoking, depression, and hospital costs of respiratory cancers: Examining race and sex variation |
| title_fullStr | Smoking, depression, and hospital costs of respiratory cancers: Examining race and sex variation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smoking, depression, and hospital costs of respiratory cancers: Examining race and sex variation |
| title_short | Smoking, depression, and hospital costs of respiratory cancers: Examining race and sex variation |
| title_sort | smoking depression and hospital costs of respiratory cancers examining race and sex variation |
| topic | Smoking depression lung cancer race sex |
| url | http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cscript/fmch/2017/00000005/00000001/art00004 |
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