Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms
Ozone (O3) levels on Earth are increasing because of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Ozone enters plants through the leaves, leading to the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mesophyll and guard cell walls. ROS can damage chloroplast ultrastructure and block photo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1244515/full |
| _version_ | 1797361267788218368 |
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| author | Farzana Nowroz Mirza Hasanuzzaman Ayesha Siddika Khursheda Parvin Pedro Garcia Caparros Kamrun Nahar P.V. Vara Prasad |
| author_facet | Farzana Nowroz Mirza Hasanuzzaman Ayesha Siddika Khursheda Parvin Pedro Garcia Caparros Kamrun Nahar P.V. Vara Prasad |
| author_sort | Farzana Nowroz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ozone (O3) levels on Earth are increasing because of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Ozone enters plants through the leaves, leading to the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mesophyll and guard cell walls. ROS can damage chloroplast ultrastructure and block photosynthetic electron transport. Ozone can lead to stomatal closure and alter stomatal conductance, thereby hindering carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Ozone-induced leaf chlorosis is common. All of these factors lead to a reduction in photosynthesis under O3 stress. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of O3 disrupts plant physiological processes, including water and nutrient uptake, respiration, and translocation of assimilates and metabolites. As a result, plant growth and reproductive performance are negatively affected. Thus, reduction in crop yield and deterioration of crop quality are the greatest effects of O3 stress on plants. Increased rates of hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and ion leakage are the common indicators of oxidative damage in plants exposed to O3 stress. Ozone disrupts the antioxidant defense system of plants by disturbing enzymatic activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. Improving photosynthetic pathways, various physiological processes, antioxidant defense, and phytohormone regulation, which can be achieved through various approaches, have been reported as vital strategies for improving O3 stress tolerance in plants. In plants, O3 stress can be mitigated in several ways. However, improvements in crop management practices, CO2 fertilization, using chemical elicitors, nutrient management, and the selection of tolerant crop varieties have been documented to mitigate O3 stress in different plant species. In this review, the responses of O3-exposed plants are summarized, and different mitigation strategies to decrease O3 stress-induced damage and crop losses are discussed. Further research should be conducted to determine methods to mitigate crop loss, enhance plant antioxidant defenses, modify physiological characteristics, and apply protectants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:51:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-109679ba455c4d21b4c508242b359e01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:51:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-109679ba455c4d21b4c508242b359e012024-01-09T04:28:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2024-01-011410.3389/fpls.2023.12445151244515Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanismsFarzana Nowroz0Mirza Hasanuzzaman1Ayesha Siddika2Khursheda Parvin3Pedro Garcia Caparros4Kamrun Nahar5P.V. Vara Prasad6Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, BangladeshAgronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, SpainDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United StatesOzone (O3) levels on Earth are increasing because of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Ozone enters plants through the leaves, leading to the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mesophyll and guard cell walls. ROS can damage chloroplast ultrastructure and block photosynthetic electron transport. Ozone can lead to stomatal closure and alter stomatal conductance, thereby hindering carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Ozone-induced leaf chlorosis is common. All of these factors lead to a reduction in photosynthesis under O3 stress. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of O3 disrupts plant physiological processes, including water and nutrient uptake, respiration, and translocation of assimilates and metabolites. As a result, plant growth and reproductive performance are negatively affected. Thus, reduction in crop yield and deterioration of crop quality are the greatest effects of O3 stress on plants. Increased rates of hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and ion leakage are the common indicators of oxidative damage in plants exposed to O3 stress. Ozone disrupts the antioxidant defense system of plants by disturbing enzymatic activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. Improving photosynthetic pathways, various physiological processes, antioxidant defense, and phytohormone regulation, which can be achieved through various approaches, have been reported as vital strategies for improving O3 stress tolerance in plants. In plants, O3 stress can be mitigated in several ways. However, improvements in crop management practices, CO2 fertilization, using chemical elicitors, nutrient management, and the selection of tolerant crop varieties have been documented to mitigate O3 stress in different plant species. In this review, the responses of O3-exposed plants are summarized, and different mitigation strategies to decrease O3 stress-induced damage and crop losses are discussed. Further research should be conducted to determine methods to mitigate crop loss, enhance plant antioxidant defenses, modify physiological characteristics, and apply protectants.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1244515/fullabiotic stressantioxidantsatmospheric pollutantsoxidative stressphotosynthesisprooxidant |
| spellingShingle | Farzana Nowroz Mirza Hasanuzzaman Ayesha Siddika Khursheda Parvin Pedro Garcia Caparros Kamrun Nahar P.V. Vara Prasad Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms Frontiers in Plant Science abiotic stress antioxidants atmospheric pollutants oxidative stress photosynthesis prooxidant |
| title | Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms |
| title_full | Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms |
| title_short | Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms |
| title_sort | elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms |
| topic | abiotic stress antioxidants atmospheric pollutants oxidative stress photosynthesis prooxidant |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1244515/full |
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