Hemocompatibility of Carbon Nanostructures
Carbon nanostructures (CNs), such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon dots, nanodiamonds as well as graphene and its derivatives present a tremendous potential for various biomedical applications, ranging from sensing to drug delivery and gene therapy, biomedical imaging and tissue engineering....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | C |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/6/1/12 |
| _version_ | 1819056222854184960 |
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| author | Mariangela Fedel |
| author_facet | Mariangela Fedel |
| author_sort | Mariangela Fedel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon nanostructures (CNs), such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon dots, nanodiamonds as well as graphene and its derivatives present a tremendous potential for various biomedical applications, ranging from sensing to drug delivery and gene therapy, biomedical imaging and tissue engineering. Since most of these applications encompass blood contact or intravenous injection, hemocompatibility is a critical aspect that must be carefully considered to take advantage of CN exceptional characteristics while allowing their safe use. This review discusses the hemocompatibility of different classes of CNs with the purpose of providing biomaterial scientists with a comprehensive vision of the interactions between CNs and blood components. The various complex mechanisms involved in blood compatibility, including coagulation, hemolysis, as well as the activation of complement, platelets, and leukocytes will be considered. Special attention will be paid to the role of CN size, structure, and surface properties in the formation of the protein corona and in the processes that drive blood response. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of hemocompatibility for CNs intended for biomedical applications and to provide some valuable insights for the development of new generation particles with improved performance and safety in the physiological environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:19:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1097f135eda2476a9e4c5c80654218b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5629 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:19:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | C |
| spelling | doaj.art-1097f135eda2476a9e4c5c80654218b62022-12-21T19:02:37ZengMDPI AGC2311-56292020-03-01611210.3390/c6010012c6010012Hemocompatibility of Carbon NanostructuresMariangela Fedel0Center for Health & Bioresources, Biomedical Systems, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Wiener Neustadt 2700, AustriaCarbon nanostructures (CNs), such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon dots, nanodiamonds as well as graphene and its derivatives present a tremendous potential for various biomedical applications, ranging from sensing to drug delivery and gene therapy, biomedical imaging and tissue engineering. Since most of these applications encompass blood contact or intravenous injection, hemocompatibility is a critical aspect that must be carefully considered to take advantage of CN exceptional characteristics while allowing their safe use. This review discusses the hemocompatibility of different classes of CNs with the purpose of providing biomaterial scientists with a comprehensive vision of the interactions between CNs and blood components. The various complex mechanisms involved in blood compatibility, including coagulation, hemolysis, as well as the activation of complement, platelets, and leukocytes will be considered. Special attention will be paid to the role of CN size, structure, and surface properties in the formation of the protein corona and in the processes that drive blood response. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of hemocompatibility for CNs intended for biomedical applications and to provide some valuable insights for the development of new generation particles with improved performance and safety in the physiological environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/6/1/12nanodiamondsfullerenescarbon dotscarbon nanotubesgrapheneplasma proteinsblood coagulationcomplement activationplateletshemolysis |
| spellingShingle | Mariangela Fedel Hemocompatibility of Carbon Nanostructures C nanodiamonds fullerenes carbon dots carbon nanotubes graphene plasma proteins blood coagulation complement activation platelets hemolysis |
| title | Hemocompatibility of Carbon Nanostructures |
| title_full | Hemocompatibility of Carbon Nanostructures |
| title_fullStr | Hemocompatibility of Carbon Nanostructures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hemocompatibility of Carbon Nanostructures |
| title_short | Hemocompatibility of Carbon Nanostructures |
| title_sort | hemocompatibility of carbon nanostructures |
| topic | nanodiamonds fullerenes carbon dots carbon nanotubes graphene plasma proteins blood coagulation complement activation platelets hemolysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/6/1/12 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariangelafedel hemocompatibilityofcarbonnanostructures |