Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy
The growth of filamentous fungi on fodder is recognized as responsible for fungal deterioration and mycotoxin contamination of the plant mass leads to economic losses in the dairy cow production system. Mycotoxin contamination has significant implications for human and animal health and is one of th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.704976/full |
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| author | Carlotta Ceniti Carlotta Ceniti Nicola Costanzo Nicola Costanzo Anna Antonella Spina Anna Antonella Spina Marinella Rodolfi Bruno Tilocca Bruno Tilocca Cristian Piras Cristian Piras Domenico Britti Domenico Britti Valeria Maria Morittu Valeria Maria Morittu |
| author_facet | Carlotta Ceniti Carlotta Ceniti Nicola Costanzo Nicola Costanzo Anna Antonella Spina Anna Antonella Spina Marinella Rodolfi Bruno Tilocca Bruno Tilocca Cristian Piras Cristian Piras Domenico Britti Domenico Britti Valeria Maria Morittu Valeria Maria Morittu |
| author_sort | Carlotta Ceniti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growth of filamentous fungi on fodder is recognized as responsible for fungal deterioration and mycotoxin contamination of the plant mass leads to economic losses in the dairy cow production system. Mycotoxin contamination has significant implications for human and animal health and is one of the major concerns in the food and feed chain. This research provides an insight into the variety of viable molds (i.e., filamentous microfungi) that can be isolated from hay produced in South Italy and destined to dairy cows. On different lots of hay (n = 55) collected from 20 dairy farms, a total of 33 different fungal species were identified. The most representative was Cladosporium cladosporioides (n = 46, 84%) followed by Alternaria alternata (n = 25, 45%), and Rhizopus stolonifer (n = 24, 44%). The species most closely related to aflatoxin (AF) contamination, Aspergillus flavus, was often isolated (n = 11, 20%). Regarding AF detection, all the hay samples were found to be scarcely contaminated by AFB1 and showed values from 0.0020 to 0.0077 mg/kg, below the limits established by European Union (EU legislation) (0.02 mg/kg). None of the samples were positive for Aspergillia and tested for AFB1 showed results exceeding established limits. Additionally, hay with moisture between 15.0 and 19.2% or crude ash on dry matter content ranging from 14.0 to 15.5% reported an increased presence of AFB1 (p < 0.05) compared to the other samples. All the analyzed hay samples, besides the presence of molds, can be considered safe for the presence of AFB1. Prevention of mold spoilage is mandatory to reduce the exposure of humans and animals to mycotoxins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T22:14:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-109b57935e3d4f16921e8d73c5e17845 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T22:14:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-109b57935e3d4f16921e8d73c5e178452022-12-21T20:03:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2021-09-01810.3389/fnut.2021.704976704976Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South ItalyCarlotta Ceniti0Carlotta Ceniti1Nicola Costanzo2Nicola Costanzo3Anna Antonella Spina4Anna Antonella Spina5Marinella Rodolfi6Bruno Tilocca7Bruno Tilocca8Cristian Piras9Cristian Piras10Domenico Britti11Domenico Britti12Valeria Maria Morittu13Valeria Maria Morittu14Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta”, Catanzaro, ItalyInterdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta”, Catanzaro, ItalyInterdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta”, Catanzaro, ItalyInterdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta”, Catanzaro, ItalyInterdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta”, Catanzaro, ItalyInterdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta”, Catanzaro, ItalyInterdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “Salvatore Venuta”, Catanzaro, ItalyInterdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, ItalyThe growth of filamentous fungi on fodder is recognized as responsible for fungal deterioration and mycotoxin contamination of the plant mass leads to economic losses in the dairy cow production system. Mycotoxin contamination has significant implications for human and animal health and is one of the major concerns in the food and feed chain. This research provides an insight into the variety of viable molds (i.e., filamentous microfungi) that can be isolated from hay produced in South Italy and destined to dairy cows. On different lots of hay (n = 55) collected from 20 dairy farms, a total of 33 different fungal species were identified. The most representative was Cladosporium cladosporioides (n = 46, 84%) followed by Alternaria alternata (n = 25, 45%), and Rhizopus stolonifer (n = 24, 44%). The species most closely related to aflatoxin (AF) contamination, Aspergillus flavus, was often isolated (n = 11, 20%). Regarding AF detection, all the hay samples were found to be scarcely contaminated by AFB1 and showed values from 0.0020 to 0.0077 mg/kg, below the limits established by European Union (EU legislation) (0.02 mg/kg). None of the samples were positive for Aspergillia and tested for AFB1 showed results exceeding established limits. Additionally, hay with moisture between 15.0 and 19.2% or crude ash on dry matter content ranging from 14.0 to 15.5% reported an increased presence of AFB1 (p < 0.05) compared to the other samples. All the analyzed hay samples, besides the presence of molds, can be considered safe for the presence of AFB1. Prevention of mold spoilage is mandatory to reduce the exposure of humans and animals to mycotoxins.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.704976/fullmoldsmycotoxinsaflatoxin B1food safetyfood chaindairy |
| spellingShingle | Carlotta Ceniti Carlotta Ceniti Nicola Costanzo Nicola Costanzo Anna Antonella Spina Anna Antonella Spina Marinella Rodolfi Bruno Tilocca Bruno Tilocca Cristian Piras Cristian Piras Domenico Britti Domenico Britti Valeria Maria Morittu Valeria Maria Morittu Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy Frontiers in Nutrition molds mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 food safety food chain dairy |
| title | Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy |
| title_full | Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy |
| title_fullStr | Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy |
| title_short | Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy |
| title_sort | fungal contamination and aflatoxin b1 detected in hay for dairy cows in south italy |
| topic | molds mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 food safety food chain dairy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.704976/full |
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