Sleep Fosters Odor Recognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but Not in Typically Developing Children
Prior experience represents a prerequisite for memory consolidation across various memory systems. In the context of olfaction, sleep was found to enhance the consolidation of odors in adults but not in typically developing children (TDC), likely due to differences in pre-experience. Interestingly,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/9/1182 |
| _version_ | 1827662808056070144 |
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| author | Manuel Munz Christian Dirk Wiesner Meike Vollersen-Krekiehn Lioba Baving Alexander Prehn-Kristensen |
| author_facet | Manuel Munz Christian Dirk Wiesner Meike Vollersen-Krekiehn Lioba Baving Alexander Prehn-Kristensen |
| author_sort | Manuel Munz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prior experience represents a prerequisite for memory consolidation across various memory systems. In the context of olfaction, sleep was found to enhance the consolidation of odors in adults but not in typically developing children (TDC), likely due to differences in pre-experience. Interestingly, unmedicated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition related to dopamine dysfunction, showed lower perceptive thresholds for odors, potentially allowing for more odor experience compared to TDC. We investigated sleep-associated odor memory consolidation in ADHD. Twenty-eight children with ADHD and thirty age-matched TDC participated in an incidental odor recognition task. For the sleep groups (ADHD: <i>n</i> = 14, TDC: <i>n</i> = 15), the encoding of 10 target odorants took place in the evening, and the retention of odorants was tested with 10 target odorants and 10 distractor odorants the next morning. In the wake groups (ADHD: <i>n</i> = 14, TDC: <i>n</i> = 15), the time schedule was reversed. Odor memory consolidation was superior in the ADHD sleep group compared to the TDC sleep and the ADHD wake groups. Intensity and familiarity ratings during encoding were substantially higher in ADHD compared to TDC. Sleep-associated odor memory consolidation in ADHD is superior to TDC. Abundant pre-experience due to lower perceptive thresholds is suggested as a possible explanation. Olfaction might serve as a biomarker in ADHD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:33:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-109e499ca7a941faa77ac8acc7750370 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:33:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-109e499ca7a941faa77ac8acc77503702023-11-23T15:20:37ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-09-01129118210.3390/brainsci12091182Sleep Fosters Odor Recognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but Not in Typically Developing ChildrenManuel Munz0Christian Dirk Wiesner1Meike Vollersen-Krekiehn2Lioba Baving3Alexander Prehn-Kristensen4Central Outpatient Department, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, GermanyPrior experience represents a prerequisite for memory consolidation across various memory systems. In the context of olfaction, sleep was found to enhance the consolidation of odors in adults but not in typically developing children (TDC), likely due to differences in pre-experience. Interestingly, unmedicated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition related to dopamine dysfunction, showed lower perceptive thresholds for odors, potentially allowing for more odor experience compared to TDC. We investigated sleep-associated odor memory consolidation in ADHD. Twenty-eight children with ADHD and thirty age-matched TDC participated in an incidental odor recognition task. For the sleep groups (ADHD: <i>n</i> = 14, TDC: <i>n</i> = 15), the encoding of 10 target odorants took place in the evening, and the retention of odorants was tested with 10 target odorants and 10 distractor odorants the next morning. In the wake groups (ADHD: <i>n</i> = 14, TDC: <i>n</i> = 15), the time schedule was reversed. Odor memory consolidation was superior in the ADHD sleep group compared to the TDC sleep and the ADHD wake groups. Intensity and familiarity ratings during encoding were substantially higher in ADHD compared to TDC. Sleep-associated odor memory consolidation in ADHD is superior to TDC. Abundant pre-experience due to lower perceptive thresholds is suggested as a possible explanation. Olfaction might serve as a biomarker in ADHD.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/9/1182odor memoryattention deficit hyperactivity disordertypically developing childrensleep-associated memory consolidationbiomarkerodor perception |
| spellingShingle | Manuel Munz Christian Dirk Wiesner Meike Vollersen-Krekiehn Lioba Baving Alexander Prehn-Kristensen Sleep Fosters Odor Recognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but Not in Typically Developing Children Brain Sciences odor memory attention deficit hyperactivity disorder typically developing children sleep-associated memory consolidation biomarker odor perception |
| title | Sleep Fosters Odor Recognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but Not in Typically Developing Children |
| title_full | Sleep Fosters Odor Recognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but Not in Typically Developing Children |
| title_fullStr | Sleep Fosters Odor Recognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but Not in Typically Developing Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sleep Fosters Odor Recognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but Not in Typically Developing Children |
| title_short | Sleep Fosters Odor Recognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but Not in Typically Developing Children |
| title_sort | sleep fosters odor recognition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder but not in typically developing children |
| topic | odor memory attention deficit hyperactivity disorder typically developing children sleep-associated memory consolidation biomarker odor perception |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/9/1182 |
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