The Hypopigmentation Mechanism of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins: An Overview
Skin hyperpigmentation resulting from excessive tyrosinase expression has long been a problem for beauty lovers, which has not yet been completely solved. Although researchers are working on finding effective tyrosinase inhibitors, most of them are restricted, due to cell mutation and cytotoxicity....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/9/2710 |
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| author | Yuqiong Song Shengjun Chen Laihao Li Yaoxun Zeng Xiao Hu |
| author_facet | Yuqiong Song Shengjun Chen Laihao Li Yaoxun Zeng Xiao Hu |
| author_sort | Yuqiong Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skin hyperpigmentation resulting from excessive tyrosinase expression has long been a problem for beauty lovers, which has not yet been completely solved. Although researchers are working on finding effective tyrosinase inhibitors, most of them are restricted, due to cell mutation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, functional foods are developing rapidly for their good biocompatibility. Food-derived peptides have been proven to display excellent anti-tyrosinase activity, and the mechanisms involved mainly include inhibition of oxidation, occupation of tyrosinase’s bioactive site and regulation of related gene expression. For anti-oxidation, peptides can interrupt the oxidative reactions catalyzed by tyrosinase or activate an enzyme system, including SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px to scavenge free radicals that stimulate tyrosinase. In addition, researchers predict that peptides probably occupy the site of the substrate by chelating with copper ions or combining with surrounding amino acid residues, ultimately inhibiting the catalytic activity of tyrosinase. More importantly, peptides reduce the tyrosinase expression content, primarily through the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, with PI3K/AKT/GSK3β, MEK/ERK/MITF and p38 MAPK/CREB/MITF as side pathways. The objective of this overview is to recap three main mechanisms for peptides to inhibit tyrosinase and the emerging bioinformatic technologies used in developing new inhibitors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10a5b1e79e424226ab0f237addb38165 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-10a5b1e79e424226ab0f237addb381652023-11-23T08:48:29ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-04-01279271010.3390/molecules27092710The Hypopigmentation Mechanism of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins: An OverviewYuqiong Song0Shengjun Chen1Laihao Li2Yaoxun Zeng3Xiao Hu4Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, ChinaSchool of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, ChinaSkin hyperpigmentation resulting from excessive tyrosinase expression has long been a problem for beauty lovers, which has not yet been completely solved. Although researchers are working on finding effective tyrosinase inhibitors, most of them are restricted, due to cell mutation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, functional foods are developing rapidly for their good biocompatibility. Food-derived peptides have been proven to display excellent anti-tyrosinase activity, and the mechanisms involved mainly include inhibition of oxidation, occupation of tyrosinase’s bioactive site and regulation of related gene expression. For anti-oxidation, peptides can interrupt the oxidative reactions catalyzed by tyrosinase or activate an enzyme system, including SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px to scavenge free radicals that stimulate tyrosinase. In addition, researchers predict that peptides probably occupy the site of the substrate by chelating with copper ions or combining with surrounding amino acid residues, ultimately inhibiting the catalytic activity of tyrosinase. More importantly, peptides reduce the tyrosinase expression content, primarily through the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, with PI3K/AKT/GSK3β, MEK/ERK/MITF and p38 MAPK/CREB/MITF as side pathways. The objective of this overview is to recap three main mechanisms for peptides to inhibit tyrosinase and the emerging bioinformatic technologies used in developing new inhibitors.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/9/2710bioactive peptidestyrosinase activityhyperpigmentationmechanismmolecular docking |
| spellingShingle | Yuqiong Song Shengjun Chen Laihao Li Yaoxun Zeng Xiao Hu The Hypopigmentation Mechanism of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins: An Overview Molecules bioactive peptides tyrosinase activity hyperpigmentation mechanism molecular docking |
| title | The Hypopigmentation Mechanism of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins: An Overview |
| title_full | The Hypopigmentation Mechanism of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins: An Overview |
| title_fullStr | The Hypopigmentation Mechanism of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins: An Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Hypopigmentation Mechanism of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins: An Overview |
| title_short | The Hypopigmentation Mechanism of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins: An Overview |
| title_sort | hypopigmentation mechanism of tyrosinase inhibitory peptides derived from food proteins an overview |
| topic | bioactive peptides tyrosinase activity hyperpigmentation mechanism molecular docking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/9/2710 |
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