Speed and segmentation control mechanisms characterized in rhythmically-active circuits created from spinal neurons produced from genetically-tagged embryonic stem cells
Flexible neural networks, such as the interconnected spinal neurons that control distinct motor actions, can switch their activity to produce different behaviors. Both excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) spinal neurons are necessary for motor behavior, but the influence of recruiting different ratios...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
2017-02-01
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| Series: | eLife |
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| Online Access: | https://elifesciences.org/articles/21540 |
| _version_ | 1818018549438873600 |
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| author | Matthew J Sternfeld Christopher A Hinckley Niall J Moore Matthew T Pankratz Kathryn L Hilde Shawn P Driscoll Marito Hayashi Neal D Amin Dario Bonanomi Wesley D Gifford Kamal Sharma Martyn Goulding Samuel L Pfaff |
| author_facet | Matthew J Sternfeld Christopher A Hinckley Niall J Moore Matthew T Pankratz Kathryn L Hilde Shawn P Driscoll Marito Hayashi Neal D Amin Dario Bonanomi Wesley D Gifford Kamal Sharma Martyn Goulding Samuel L Pfaff |
| author_sort | Matthew J Sternfeld |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flexible neural networks, such as the interconnected spinal neurons that control distinct motor actions, can switch their activity to produce different behaviors. Both excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) spinal neurons are necessary for motor behavior, but the influence of recruiting different ratios of E-to-I cells remains unclear. We constructed synthetic microphysical neural networks, called circuitoids, using precise combinations of spinal neuron subtypes derived from mouse stem cells. Circuitoids of purified excitatory interneurons were sufficient to generate oscillatory bursts with properties similar to in vivo central pattern generators. Inhibitory V1 neurons provided dual layers of regulation within excitatory rhythmogenic networks - they increased the rhythmic burst frequency of excitatory V3 neurons, and segmented excitatory motor neuron activity into sub-networks. Accordingly, the speed and pattern of spinal circuits that underlie complex motor behaviors may be regulated by quantitatively gating the intra-network cellular activity ratio of E-to-I neurons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:41:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10ac875644e74cddb906b2d1a978f50c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-084X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:41:04Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | eLife Sciences Publications Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | eLife |
| spelling | doaj.art-10ac875644e74cddb906b2d1a978f50c2022-12-22T02:05:29ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2017-02-01610.7554/eLife.21540Speed and segmentation control mechanisms characterized in rhythmically-active circuits created from spinal neurons produced from genetically-tagged embryonic stem cellsMatthew J Sternfeld0Christopher A Hinckley1Niall J Moore2Matthew T Pankratz3Kathryn L Hilde4Shawn P Driscoll5Marito Hayashi6Neal D Amin7Dario Bonanomi8Wesley D Gifford9Kamal Sharma10Martyn Goulding11Samuel L Pfaff12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-166XGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United StatesGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United StatesGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United StatesGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United StatesGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United StatesGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United StatesGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United StatesGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United StatesGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United StatesGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United StatesDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United StatesMolecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United StatesGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United StatesFlexible neural networks, such as the interconnected spinal neurons that control distinct motor actions, can switch their activity to produce different behaviors. Both excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) spinal neurons are necessary for motor behavior, but the influence of recruiting different ratios of E-to-I cells remains unclear. We constructed synthetic microphysical neural networks, called circuitoids, using precise combinations of spinal neuron subtypes derived from mouse stem cells. Circuitoids of purified excitatory interneurons were sufficient to generate oscillatory bursts with properties similar to in vivo central pattern generators. Inhibitory V1 neurons provided dual layers of regulation within excitatory rhythmogenic networks - they increased the rhythmic burst frequency of excitatory V3 neurons, and segmented excitatory motor neuron activity into sub-networks. Accordingly, the speed and pattern of spinal circuits that underlie complex motor behaviors may be regulated by quantitatively gating the intra-network cellular activity ratio of E-to-I neurons.https://elifesciences.org/articles/21540circuitoidsynthetic networkexcitatory-inhibitory balanceembryonic stem cellsrhythmicity |
| spellingShingle | Matthew J Sternfeld Christopher A Hinckley Niall J Moore Matthew T Pankratz Kathryn L Hilde Shawn P Driscoll Marito Hayashi Neal D Amin Dario Bonanomi Wesley D Gifford Kamal Sharma Martyn Goulding Samuel L Pfaff Speed and segmentation control mechanisms characterized in rhythmically-active circuits created from spinal neurons produced from genetically-tagged embryonic stem cells eLife circuitoid synthetic network excitatory-inhibitory balance embryonic stem cells rhythmicity |
| title | Speed and segmentation control mechanisms characterized in rhythmically-active circuits created from spinal neurons produced from genetically-tagged embryonic stem cells |
| title_full | Speed and segmentation control mechanisms characterized in rhythmically-active circuits created from spinal neurons produced from genetically-tagged embryonic stem cells |
| title_fullStr | Speed and segmentation control mechanisms characterized in rhythmically-active circuits created from spinal neurons produced from genetically-tagged embryonic stem cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Speed and segmentation control mechanisms characterized in rhythmically-active circuits created from spinal neurons produced from genetically-tagged embryonic stem cells |
| title_short | Speed and segmentation control mechanisms characterized in rhythmically-active circuits created from spinal neurons produced from genetically-tagged embryonic stem cells |
| title_sort | speed and segmentation control mechanisms characterized in rhythmically active circuits created from spinal neurons produced from genetically tagged embryonic stem cells |
| topic | circuitoid synthetic network excitatory-inhibitory balance embryonic stem cells rhythmicity |
| url | https://elifesciences.org/articles/21540 |
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