Influence of Humic Acid on 1-Aminopyrene Ecotoxicity During Solar Photolysis Process
Abstract: 1-Aminopyrene (1-AP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compound, is a major metabolite during biotransformation of 1-nitropyrene by microflora in natural environment and in the guts of animals and humans. Under UV-A irradiation, 1-AP has been shown to cause light-induced DNA single...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2002-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/3/11/1133/ |
| _version_ | 1811304215811719168 |
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| author | Huey-Min Hwang Hongtao Yu Veleka N. Jones Ana L. Balarezo |
| author_facet | Huey-Min Hwang Hongtao Yu Veleka N. Jones Ana L. Balarezo |
| author_sort | Huey-Min Hwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract: 1-Aminopyrene (1-AP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compound, is a major metabolite during biotransformation of 1-nitropyrene by microflora in natural environment and in the guts of animals and humans. Under UV-A irradiation, 1-AP has been shown to cause light-induced DNA single strand cleavage. Humic acids (HA) in aquatic ecosystems can influence the bioavailability, toxicity, and fate of organic xenobiotics. Therefore, photochemical fate and effect of PAH in natural aquatic environment may differ significantly across sites. The objectives of this study are to assess the time course (TC; 18 and 90 minutes) influence of HA (0, 20, and 60 ppm) on microbial ecotoxicity of 1-AP (0 and 10 μM) during solar photolysis process (PP). Microbial ecotoxicity of 1-AP during different time courses in the presence and absence of HA was measured with spread plate counting and microbial mineralization of 14C-D-glucose. The experimental results were analyzed as factorial arrangements of treatment in a complete randomized design using General Linear Model by SAS. LSMEANS was used to separate means or combination of means. Significant effect on glucose mineralization was found by the following treatment interactions 1-AP*TC, 1-AP*PP, TC*PP, HA*1-AP*TC, HA*1-AP*PP, and HA*1-AP*TC*PP. The treatment interaction HA*1-AP was the only one affecting spread plate counting. In the groups exposed to 1-AP (10 μM), microbial heterotrophic mineralization of 14C-D-glucose was significantly inhibited in the presence of HA in light and in darkness. Exposure to HA in light and darkness, however, did not necessarily inhibit bacterial viability at the HA concentration range assayed. Therefore, inhibition on microbial activity could have been caused by multiple factors, instead of toxicity of HA alone. |
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| format | Article |
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| issn | 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:02:05Z |
| publishDate | 2002-11-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-10ba8bc31662410a9baca566453b76ce2022-12-22T02:55:15ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672002-11-013111133114410.3390/i3111133Influence of Humic Acid on 1-Aminopyrene Ecotoxicity During Solar Photolysis ProcessHuey-Min HwangHongtao YuVeleka N. JonesAna L. BalarezoAbstract: 1-Aminopyrene (1-AP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compound, is a major metabolite during biotransformation of 1-nitropyrene by microflora in natural environment and in the guts of animals and humans. Under UV-A irradiation, 1-AP has been shown to cause light-induced DNA single strand cleavage. Humic acids (HA) in aquatic ecosystems can influence the bioavailability, toxicity, and fate of organic xenobiotics. Therefore, photochemical fate and effect of PAH in natural aquatic environment may differ significantly across sites. The objectives of this study are to assess the time course (TC; 18 and 90 minutes) influence of HA (0, 20, and 60 ppm) on microbial ecotoxicity of 1-AP (0 and 10 μM) during solar photolysis process (PP). Microbial ecotoxicity of 1-AP during different time courses in the presence and absence of HA was measured with spread plate counting and microbial mineralization of 14C-D-glucose. The experimental results were analyzed as factorial arrangements of treatment in a complete randomized design using General Linear Model by SAS. LSMEANS was used to separate means or combination of means. Significant effect on glucose mineralization was found by the following treatment interactions 1-AP*TC, 1-AP*PP, TC*PP, HA*1-AP*TC, HA*1-AP*PP, and HA*1-AP*TC*PP. The treatment interaction HA*1-AP was the only one affecting spread plate counting. In the groups exposed to 1-AP (10 μM), microbial heterotrophic mineralization of 14C-D-glucose was significantly inhibited in the presence of HA in light and in darkness. Exposure to HA in light and darkness, however, did not necessarily inhibit bacterial viability at the HA concentration range assayed. Therefore, inhibition on microbial activity could have been caused by multiple factors, instead of toxicity of HA alone.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/3/11/1133/1-aminopyrenehumic acidmicrobialecotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Huey-Min Hwang Hongtao Yu Veleka N. Jones Ana L. Balarezo Influence of Humic Acid on 1-Aminopyrene Ecotoxicity During Solar Photolysis Process International Journal of Molecular Sciences 1-aminopyrene humic acid microbial ecotoxicity |
| title | Influence of Humic Acid on 1-Aminopyrene Ecotoxicity During Solar Photolysis Process |
| title_full | Influence of Humic Acid on 1-Aminopyrene Ecotoxicity During Solar Photolysis Process |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Humic Acid on 1-Aminopyrene Ecotoxicity During Solar Photolysis Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Humic Acid on 1-Aminopyrene Ecotoxicity During Solar Photolysis Process |
| title_short | Influence of Humic Acid on 1-Aminopyrene Ecotoxicity During Solar Photolysis Process |
| title_sort | influence of humic acid on 1 aminopyrene ecotoxicity during solar photolysis process |
| topic | 1-aminopyrene humic acid microbial ecotoxicity |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/3/11/1133/ |
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