Fused filament fabrication of functionally graded polymer composites with variable relative permittivity for microwave devices
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a continuously growing additive manufacturing technology that aside from physical prototypes can also deliver functional prototypes and devices for radiofrequency (RF) and microwave applications. The very recent introduction of high-permittivity filaments for FFF...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127520304056 |
| _version_ | 1818250026139254784 |
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| author | Athanasios Goulas Shiyu Zhang Jack R. McGhee Darren A. Cadman Will G. Whittow John C. Vardaxoglou Daniel S. Engstrøm |
| author_facet | Athanasios Goulas Shiyu Zhang Jack R. McGhee Darren A. Cadman Will G. Whittow John C. Vardaxoglou Daniel S. Engstrøm |
| author_sort | Athanasios Goulas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a continuously growing additive manufacturing technology that aside from physical prototypes can also deliver functional prototypes and devices for radiofrequency (RF) and microwave applications. The very recent introduction of high-permittivity filaments for FFF has been one of the main facilitators for this major advancement, aiding microwave engineers to realise academics concepts that have thus far been impossible to fabricate and therefore invent new designs. However, the value to the RF community of these devices depends on accurate knowledge and repeatability of the electromagnetic properties of the materials being used which strongly relies on the processing strategy used during printing. This paper investigates the use of a high-permittivity filament and studies the impact of layer height and infill density on the relative permittivity (εr) and loss tangent (tanδ). A maximum relative permittivity of εr = 9.63 ± 0.16 and tanδ = 0.003 ± 0.0003 was achieved with a 200 μm layer thickness and 100% infill density. Finally, the results of this study are used in designing, simulating, 3D printing and measuring the performance of a novel graded-index dielectric lens operating at 10 GHz. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:45:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10cd6193d2944b53bedaf50757f95d06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:45:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-10cd6193d2944b53bedaf50757f95d062022-12-22T00:19:46ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752020-08-01193108871Fused filament fabrication of functionally graded polymer composites with variable relative permittivity for microwave devicesAthanasios Goulas0Shiyu Zhang1Jack R. McGhee2Darren A. Cadman3Will G. Whittow4John C. Vardaxoglou5Daniel S. Engstrøm6Corresponding author.; Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, United KingdomWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, United KingdomWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, United KingdomWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, United KingdomWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, United KingdomWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, United KingdomWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, United KingdomFused filament fabrication (FFF) is a continuously growing additive manufacturing technology that aside from physical prototypes can also deliver functional prototypes and devices for radiofrequency (RF) and microwave applications. The very recent introduction of high-permittivity filaments for FFF has been one of the main facilitators for this major advancement, aiding microwave engineers to realise academics concepts that have thus far been impossible to fabricate and therefore invent new designs. However, the value to the RF community of these devices depends on accurate knowledge and repeatability of the electromagnetic properties of the materials being used which strongly relies on the processing strategy used during printing. This paper investigates the use of a high-permittivity filament and studies the impact of layer height and infill density on the relative permittivity (εr) and loss tangent (tanδ). A maximum relative permittivity of εr = 9.63 ± 0.16 and tanδ = 0.003 ± 0.0003 was achieved with a 200 μm layer thickness and 100% infill density. Finally, the results of this study are used in designing, simulating, 3D printing and measuring the performance of a novel graded-index dielectric lens operating at 10 GHz.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S02641275203040563D printingFused filament fabricationMicrowave materialsHigh permittivity composites, graded-index lens |
| spellingShingle | Athanasios Goulas Shiyu Zhang Jack R. McGhee Darren A. Cadman Will G. Whittow John C. Vardaxoglou Daniel S. Engstrøm Fused filament fabrication of functionally graded polymer composites with variable relative permittivity for microwave devices Materials & Design 3D printing Fused filament fabrication Microwave materials High permittivity composites, graded-index lens |
| title | Fused filament fabrication of functionally graded polymer composites with variable relative permittivity for microwave devices |
| title_full | Fused filament fabrication of functionally graded polymer composites with variable relative permittivity for microwave devices |
| title_fullStr | Fused filament fabrication of functionally graded polymer composites with variable relative permittivity for microwave devices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fused filament fabrication of functionally graded polymer composites with variable relative permittivity for microwave devices |
| title_short | Fused filament fabrication of functionally graded polymer composites with variable relative permittivity for microwave devices |
| title_sort | fused filament fabrication of functionally graded polymer composites with variable relative permittivity for microwave devices |
| topic | 3D printing Fused filament fabrication Microwave materials High permittivity composites, graded-index lens |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127520304056 |
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