The Association between Vessel Departures and Air Pollution in Helsinki Port Area 2016–2021
European ports are struggling to install enough shore power connections to follow the European Commission initiative, which insists ships that lie alongside to be plugged in and have their auxiliary engines off in EU ports by 2030. The port of Helsinki is one of the busiest passenger ports in the wo...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/757 |
| _version_ | 1797606399675465728 |
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| author | Mikko Heikkilä Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen |
| author_facet | Mikko Heikkilä Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen |
| author_sort | Mikko Heikkilä |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | European ports are struggling to install enough shore power connections to follow the European Commission initiative, which insists ships that lie alongside to be plugged in and have their auxiliary engines off in EU ports by 2030. The port of Helsinki is one of the busiest passenger ports in the world handling on average more than 10 million international passengers per year. As passenger ships consume more fuel than other vessel types, the shore power regulation poses additional challenges for the port of Helsinki. Passenger ferry and cruise ship terminals are in the middle of the city meaning that their air emissions carry a public health burden in the urban areas. Using port arrivals and departures combined with the EU Monitoring, Reporting and Verifying (MRV), this study estimates that 75–80% of the fuel combusted by ship auxiliary engines falls under the upcoming regulation. However, using statistical methods to find the association and effects between vessel movements and port air quality measurements, ship departures were found to have noticeable increases in the hourly mean NO<sub>2</sub> concentration measured at the port terminals. This is most likely caused by starting cold main engines for departure and will not be solved by connecting ships to shore power. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:14:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10ce076b360f482a9bacc5a3683f140f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:14:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-10ce076b360f482a9bacc5a3683f140f2023-11-17T18:18:19ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-04-0114475710.3390/atmos14040757The Association between Vessel Departures and Air Pollution in Helsinki Port Area 2016–2021Mikko Heikkilä0Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen1Department of Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, FinlandEuropean ports are struggling to install enough shore power connections to follow the European Commission initiative, which insists ships that lie alongside to be plugged in and have their auxiliary engines off in EU ports by 2030. The port of Helsinki is one of the busiest passenger ports in the world handling on average more than 10 million international passengers per year. As passenger ships consume more fuel than other vessel types, the shore power regulation poses additional challenges for the port of Helsinki. Passenger ferry and cruise ship terminals are in the middle of the city meaning that their air emissions carry a public health burden in the urban areas. Using port arrivals and departures combined with the EU Monitoring, Reporting and Verifying (MRV), this study estimates that 75–80% of the fuel combusted by ship auxiliary engines falls under the upcoming regulation. However, using statistical methods to find the association and effects between vessel movements and port air quality measurements, ship departures were found to have noticeable increases in the hourly mean NO<sub>2</sub> concentration measured at the port terminals. This is most likely caused by starting cold main engines for departure and will not be solved by connecting ships to shore power.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/757air qualityshipping emissionsshore power |
| spellingShingle | Mikko Heikkilä Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen The Association between Vessel Departures and Air Pollution in Helsinki Port Area 2016–2021 Atmosphere air quality shipping emissions shore power |
| title | The Association between Vessel Departures and Air Pollution in Helsinki Port Area 2016–2021 |
| title_full | The Association between Vessel Departures and Air Pollution in Helsinki Port Area 2016–2021 |
| title_fullStr | The Association between Vessel Departures and Air Pollution in Helsinki Port Area 2016–2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Association between Vessel Departures and Air Pollution in Helsinki Port Area 2016–2021 |
| title_short | The Association between Vessel Departures and Air Pollution in Helsinki Port Area 2016–2021 |
| title_sort | association between vessel departures and air pollution in helsinki port area 2016 2021 |
| topic | air quality shipping emissions shore power |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/757 |
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