Comparative Evaluation of Booster Vaccine Efficacy by Intracoelomic Injection and Immersion with a Whole-Cell Killed Vaccine against <i>Lactococcus petauri</i> Infection in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
<i>Lactococcus petauri</i> is an important emergent bacterial pathogen of salmonids in the USA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protection conferred to rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) against <i>L. petauri</i> by formalin-killed vaccines i...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/5/632 |
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| author | Tryssa de Ruyter Eric Littman Zeinab Yazdi Mark Adkison Alvin Camus Susan Yun Timothy J. Welch William R. Keleher Esteban Soto |
| author_facet | Tryssa de Ruyter Eric Littman Zeinab Yazdi Mark Adkison Alvin Camus Susan Yun Timothy J. Welch William R. Keleher Esteban Soto |
| author_sort | Tryssa de Ruyter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Lactococcus petauri</i> is an important emergent bacterial pathogen of salmonids in the USA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protection conferred to rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) against <i>L. petauri</i> by formalin-killed vaccines in immersion and injectable forms, as well as the enhanced protection afforded by booster vaccination. In the first challenge, fish were immunized via intracoelomic injection (IC) or immersion (Imm) routes alone. Approximately 418 degree days (Temperature in degree Celsius × days post-immunization) (dd) Imm, or 622 dd IC post-vaccination, fish were challenged via IC with wild-type <i>L. petauri.</i> In the second experiment, initial Imm vaccination was followed by booster vaccination via Imm or IC routes 273 dd post-immunization along with appropriate PBS controls. The various vaccination protocol efficacies were evaluated by challenging fish with <i>L. petauri</i> by cohabitation with diseased fish 399 dd post-booster administration. A relative percent survival (RPS) of 89.5% and 28% was recorded in the IC and Imm single immunization treatments, respectively. In the second study, an RPS of 97.5%, 10.2%, 2.6% and −10.1% plus approximately 0%, 50%, 20%, and 30% bacterial persistence was recorded in the Imm immunized + IC boosted, Imm immunized + mock IC boosted, Imm immunized + Imm boosted, and Imm immunized + mock Imm boosted treatments, respectively. Only the Imm immunized + IC injection boosted treatments provided significant protection when compared to unvaccinated and challenged treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, although both Imm and IC vaccines appear safe for trout, the inactivated Imm vaccines seem to provide only mild and temporary protection against lactococcosis; whereas IC immunized trout develop a significantly stronger protective response in both challenges. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:25:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10d6282ee51c484ebd18ca6148a2ab82 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:25:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-10d6282ee51c484ebd18ca6148a2ab822023-11-18T02:46:08ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-04-0112563210.3390/pathogens12050632Comparative Evaluation of Booster Vaccine Efficacy by Intracoelomic Injection and Immersion with a Whole-Cell Killed Vaccine against <i>Lactococcus petauri</i> Infection in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)Tryssa de Ruyter0Eric Littman1Zeinab Yazdi2Mark Adkison3Alvin Camus4Susan Yun5Timothy J. Welch6William R. Keleher7Esteban Soto8Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USACalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670, USADepartment of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USANational Center for Cool and Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USAKennebec River Biosciences, Richmond, ME 04357, USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA<i>Lactococcus petauri</i> is an important emergent bacterial pathogen of salmonids in the USA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protection conferred to rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) against <i>L. petauri</i> by formalin-killed vaccines in immersion and injectable forms, as well as the enhanced protection afforded by booster vaccination. In the first challenge, fish were immunized via intracoelomic injection (IC) or immersion (Imm) routes alone. Approximately 418 degree days (Temperature in degree Celsius × days post-immunization) (dd) Imm, or 622 dd IC post-vaccination, fish were challenged via IC with wild-type <i>L. petauri.</i> In the second experiment, initial Imm vaccination was followed by booster vaccination via Imm or IC routes 273 dd post-immunization along with appropriate PBS controls. The various vaccination protocol efficacies were evaluated by challenging fish with <i>L. petauri</i> by cohabitation with diseased fish 399 dd post-booster administration. A relative percent survival (RPS) of 89.5% and 28% was recorded in the IC and Imm single immunization treatments, respectively. In the second study, an RPS of 97.5%, 10.2%, 2.6% and −10.1% plus approximately 0%, 50%, 20%, and 30% bacterial persistence was recorded in the Imm immunized + IC boosted, Imm immunized + mock IC boosted, Imm immunized + Imm boosted, and Imm immunized + mock Imm boosted treatments, respectively. Only the Imm immunized + IC injection boosted treatments provided significant protection when compared to unvaccinated and challenged treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, although both Imm and IC vaccines appear safe for trout, the inactivated Imm vaccines seem to provide only mild and temporary protection against lactococcosis; whereas IC immunized trout develop a significantly stronger protective response in both challenges.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/5/632aquaculture vaccineboosteremergentinjectionimmersionlactococcosis |
| spellingShingle | Tryssa de Ruyter Eric Littman Zeinab Yazdi Mark Adkison Alvin Camus Susan Yun Timothy J. Welch William R. Keleher Esteban Soto Comparative Evaluation of Booster Vaccine Efficacy by Intracoelomic Injection and Immersion with a Whole-Cell Killed Vaccine against <i>Lactococcus petauri</i> Infection in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Pathogens aquaculture vaccine booster emergent injection immersion lactococcosis |
| title | Comparative Evaluation of Booster Vaccine Efficacy by Intracoelomic Injection and Immersion with a Whole-Cell Killed Vaccine against <i>Lactococcus petauri</i> Infection in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) |
| title_full | Comparative Evaluation of Booster Vaccine Efficacy by Intracoelomic Injection and Immersion with a Whole-Cell Killed Vaccine against <i>Lactococcus petauri</i> Infection in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Evaluation of Booster Vaccine Efficacy by Intracoelomic Injection and Immersion with a Whole-Cell Killed Vaccine against <i>Lactococcus petauri</i> Infection in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Evaluation of Booster Vaccine Efficacy by Intracoelomic Injection and Immersion with a Whole-Cell Killed Vaccine against <i>Lactococcus petauri</i> Infection in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) |
| title_short | Comparative Evaluation of Booster Vaccine Efficacy by Intracoelomic Injection and Immersion with a Whole-Cell Killed Vaccine against <i>Lactococcus petauri</i> Infection in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) |
| title_sort | comparative evaluation of booster vaccine efficacy by intracoelomic injection and immersion with a whole cell killed vaccine against i lactococcus petauri i infection in rainbow trout i oncorhynchus mykiss i |
| topic | aquaculture vaccine booster emergent injection immersion lactococcosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/5/632 |
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