The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy.
Leishmania (L.) amazonensis is one of the etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Brazil. Currently, there is no vaccine approved for human use against leishmaniasis, although several vaccine preparations are in experimental stages. One of them is Leishvacin, or LaAg, a first-generatio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2019-02-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6405171?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818357065204105216 |
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| author | Juliana Elena Silveira Pratti Alessandra Marcia da Fonseca Martins Juliana Paiva da Silva Tadeu Diniz Ramos Joyce Carvalho Pereira Luan Firmino-Cruz Diogo Oliveira-Maciel Thiago Soares de Souza Vieira Leandra Linhares Lacerda Andre Macedo Vale Celio G Freire-de-Lima Daniel C Oliveira Gomes Elvira M Saraiva Bartira Rossi-Bergmann Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes |
| author_facet | Juliana Elena Silveira Pratti Alessandra Marcia da Fonseca Martins Juliana Paiva da Silva Tadeu Diniz Ramos Joyce Carvalho Pereira Luan Firmino-Cruz Diogo Oliveira-Maciel Thiago Soares de Souza Vieira Leandra Linhares Lacerda Andre Macedo Vale Celio G Freire-de-Lima Daniel C Oliveira Gomes Elvira M Saraiva Bartira Rossi-Bergmann Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes |
| author_sort | Juliana Elena Silveira Pratti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leishmania (L.) amazonensis is one of the etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Brazil. Currently, there is no vaccine approved for human use against leishmaniasis, although several vaccine preparations are in experimental stages. One of them is Leishvacin, or LaAg, a first-generation vaccine composed of total L. amazonensis antigens that has consistently shown an increase of mouse resistance against CL when administered intranasally (i.n.). Since Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is highly expressed in the nasal mucosa and LaAg is composed of TLR9-binding DNA CpG motifs, in this study we proposed to investigate the role of TLR9 in both L. amazonensis infection and in LaAg vaccine efficacy in C57BL/6 (WT) mice and TLR9-/- mice. First, we evaluated, the infection of macrophages by L. amazonensis in vitro, showing no significant difference between macrophages from WT and TLR9-/- mice in terms of both infection percentage and total number of intracellular amastigotes, as well as NO production. In addition, neutrophils from WT and TLR9-/- mice had similar capacity to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to L. amazonensis. L. amazonensis did not activate dendritic cells from WT and TLR9-/- mice, analysed by MHCII and CD86 expression. However, in vivo, TLR9-/- mice were slightly more susceptible to L. amazonensis infection than WT mice, presenting a larger lesion and an increased parasite load at the peak of infection and in the chronic phase. The increased TLR9-/- mice susceptibility was accompanied by an increased IgG and IgG1 production; a decrease of IFN-γ in infected tissue, but not IL-4 and IL-10; and a decreased number of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells in the lesion-draining lymph nodes. Also, TLR9-/- mice could not control parasite growth following i.n. LaAg vaccination unlike the WT mice. This protection failure was associated with a reduction of the hypersensitivity response induced by immunization. The TLR9-/- vaccinated mice failed to respond to antigen stimulation and to produce IFN-γ by lymph node cells. Together, these results suggest that TLR9 contributes to C57BL/6 mouse resistance against L. amazonensis, and that the TLR9-binding LaAg comprising CpG motifs may be important for intranasal vaccine efficacy against CL. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T20:07:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10d8b290717741db8d3be708f986a253 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T20:07:11Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-10d8b290717741db8d3be708f986a2532022-12-21T23:32:59ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352019-02-01132e000714610.1371/journal.pntd.0007146The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy.Juliana Elena Silveira PrattiAlessandra Marcia da Fonseca MartinsJuliana Paiva da SilvaTadeu Diniz RamosJoyce Carvalho PereiraLuan Firmino-CruzDiogo Oliveira-MacielThiago Soares de Souza VieiraLeandra Linhares LacerdaAndre Macedo ValeCelio G Freire-de-LimaDaniel C Oliveira GomesElvira M SaraivaBartira Rossi-BergmannHerbert Leonel de Matos GuedesLeishmania (L.) amazonensis is one of the etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Brazil. Currently, there is no vaccine approved for human use against leishmaniasis, although several vaccine preparations are in experimental stages. One of them is Leishvacin, or LaAg, a first-generation vaccine composed of total L. amazonensis antigens that has consistently shown an increase of mouse resistance against CL when administered intranasally (i.n.). Since Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is highly expressed in the nasal mucosa and LaAg is composed of TLR9-binding DNA CpG motifs, in this study we proposed to investigate the role of TLR9 in both L. amazonensis infection and in LaAg vaccine efficacy in C57BL/6 (WT) mice and TLR9-/- mice. First, we evaluated, the infection of macrophages by L. amazonensis in vitro, showing no significant difference between macrophages from WT and TLR9-/- mice in terms of both infection percentage and total number of intracellular amastigotes, as well as NO production. In addition, neutrophils from WT and TLR9-/- mice had similar capacity to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to L. amazonensis. L. amazonensis did not activate dendritic cells from WT and TLR9-/- mice, analysed by MHCII and CD86 expression. However, in vivo, TLR9-/- mice were slightly more susceptible to L. amazonensis infection than WT mice, presenting a larger lesion and an increased parasite load at the peak of infection and in the chronic phase. The increased TLR9-/- mice susceptibility was accompanied by an increased IgG and IgG1 production; a decrease of IFN-γ in infected tissue, but not IL-4 and IL-10; and a decreased number of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells in the lesion-draining lymph nodes. Also, TLR9-/- mice could not control parasite growth following i.n. LaAg vaccination unlike the WT mice. This protection failure was associated with a reduction of the hypersensitivity response induced by immunization. The TLR9-/- vaccinated mice failed to respond to antigen stimulation and to produce IFN-γ by lymph node cells. Together, these results suggest that TLR9 contributes to C57BL/6 mouse resistance against L. amazonensis, and that the TLR9-binding LaAg comprising CpG motifs may be important for intranasal vaccine efficacy against CL.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6405171?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Juliana Elena Silveira Pratti Alessandra Marcia da Fonseca Martins Juliana Paiva da Silva Tadeu Diniz Ramos Joyce Carvalho Pereira Luan Firmino-Cruz Diogo Oliveira-Maciel Thiago Soares de Souza Vieira Leandra Linhares Lacerda Andre Macedo Vale Celio G Freire-de-Lima Daniel C Oliveira Gomes Elvira M Saraiva Bartira Rossi-Bergmann Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy. |
| title_full | The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy. |
| title_fullStr | The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy. |
| title_short | The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy. |
| title_sort | role of tlr9 on leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal laag vaccine efficacy |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6405171?pdf=render |
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