Lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation – based on experience from three cities in Europe
The interest in operating autonomous vehicles is growing and several demonstration sites using automated shuttles have been established all over the world. Major work is involved in setting up an automated shuttle operation that involves more than identifying the relevant site, including adhering to...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Urban Mobility |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667091722000097 |
| _version_ | 1797980863382683648 |
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| author | Anna Anund Ricker Ludovic Brunella Caroleo Hugo Hardestam Anna Dahlman Ingrid Skogsmo Mathieu Nicaise Maurizio Arnone |
| author_facet | Anna Anund Ricker Ludovic Brunella Caroleo Hugo Hardestam Anna Dahlman Ingrid Skogsmo Mathieu Nicaise Maurizio Arnone |
| author_sort | Anna Anund |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The interest in operating autonomous vehicles is growing and several demonstration sites using automated shuttles have been established all over the world. Major work is involved in setting up an automated shuttle operation that involves more than identifying the relevant site, including adhering to current regulations and obtaining approval, as well as a considerable amount of preparation and commissioning required at the site. The shuttle must pass relevant national vehicle regulations, and the operation site has to undergo a site assessment. This paper is based on lessons learned achieved from setting up automated shuttle operations in three different areas in Europe: Brussel (Belgium), Linköping (Sweden) and Turin (Italy). The focus is on the practical aspects of operation. Through the experience we have gained of setting up demonstration sites at three locations in Europe, we have identified the need to summarise the lessons learned from preparing AV shuttle operation sites in order to facilitate the implementation of other operation sites. Hence, this paper aims to consolidate lessons learned during preparation and implementation of automated shuttle operations in near urban environments and to identify the path toward future implementation The three sites operate different brands and number of shuttles, different types of infrastructure and varying local conditions. The focus here was on generic lessons learned and not to understand differences between brands and operators. It is clear that further development of the AV shuttles is vital to ensure that they operate smoothly in complex traffic situations considering lane and road width, shared spaces, snow, dust, rain, leaves, birds, etc. Adapting the road infrastructure to enable the shuttles to run in the autonomous mode should be avoided, instead the shuttle development should prioritise fitting into the existing traffic environment and eco system. Mitigation areas have been identified covering: road infrastructure, weather dependant operation, season dependent operation, improvement of localisation, digital infrastructure, design and working conditions, and citizens’ user experience. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:00:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10e70bea3b8c41b0b662d5bc77711e56 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-0917 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:00:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Urban Mobility |
| spelling | doaj.art-10e70bea3b8c41b0b662d5bc77711e562022-12-22T04:41:40ZengElsevierJournal of Urban Mobility2667-09172022-12-012100021Lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation – based on experience from three cities in EuropeAnna Anund0Ricker Ludovic1Brunella Caroleo2Hugo Hardestam3Anna Dahlman4Ingrid Skogsmo5Mathieu Nicaise6Maurizio Arnone7Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden; Rehabilitation Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Stockholm University, Stockholm Stress Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Corresponding author at: Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden.STIB-MIVB, Brussels, BelgiumLINKS Foundation, via Pier Carlo Boggio, 61, Torino 10138, ItalyTransdev Sweden AB, Fredsforsstigen 22-24, Box 14091, Bromma, Stockholm 167 14, SwedenSwedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden; Biomedical Signals and Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, and SAFER, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SwedenSwedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, SwedenSTIB-MIVB, Brussels, BelgiumLINKS Foundation, via Pier Carlo Boggio, 61, Torino 10138, ItalyThe interest in operating autonomous vehicles is growing and several demonstration sites using automated shuttles have been established all over the world. Major work is involved in setting up an automated shuttle operation that involves more than identifying the relevant site, including adhering to current regulations and obtaining approval, as well as a considerable amount of preparation and commissioning required at the site. The shuttle must pass relevant national vehicle regulations, and the operation site has to undergo a site assessment. This paper is based on lessons learned achieved from setting up automated shuttle operations in three different areas in Europe: Brussel (Belgium), Linköping (Sweden) and Turin (Italy). The focus is on the practical aspects of operation. Through the experience we have gained of setting up demonstration sites at three locations in Europe, we have identified the need to summarise the lessons learned from preparing AV shuttle operation sites in order to facilitate the implementation of other operation sites. Hence, this paper aims to consolidate lessons learned during preparation and implementation of automated shuttle operations in near urban environments and to identify the path toward future implementation The three sites operate different brands and number of shuttles, different types of infrastructure and varying local conditions. The focus here was on generic lessons learned and not to understand differences between brands and operators. It is clear that further development of the AV shuttles is vital to ensure that they operate smoothly in complex traffic situations considering lane and road width, shared spaces, snow, dust, rain, leaves, birds, etc. Adapting the road infrastructure to enable the shuttles to run in the autonomous mode should be avoided, instead the shuttle development should prioritise fitting into the existing traffic environment and eco system. Mitigation areas have been identified covering: road infrastructure, weather dependant operation, season dependent operation, improvement of localisation, digital infrastructure, design and working conditions, and citizens’ user experience.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667091722000097Av shuttle operationLessons learnedOperational perspectiveRecommendations |
| spellingShingle | Anna Anund Ricker Ludovic Brunella Caroleo Hugo Hardestam Anna Dahlman Ingrid Skogsmo Mathieu Nicaise Maurizio Arnone Lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation – based on experience from three cities in Europe Journal of Urban Mobility Av shuttle operation Lessons learned Operational perspective Recommendations |
| title | Lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation – based on experience from three cities in Europe |
| title_full | Lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation – based on experience from three cities in Europe |
| title_fullStr | Lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation – based on experience from three cities in Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation – based on experience from three cities in Europe |
| title_short | Lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation – based on experience from three cities in Europe |
| title_sort | lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation based on experience from three cities in europe |
| topic | Av shuttle operation Lessons learned Operational perspective Recommendations |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667091722000097 |
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