Biochar and organic fertilizer drive the bacterial community to improve the productivity and quality of Sophora tonkinensis in cadmium-contaminated soil
Excessive Cd accumulation in soil reduces the production of numerous plants, such as Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., which is an important and widely cultivated medicinal plant whose roots and rhizomes are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Applying a mixture of biochar and organic fertilizers impro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1334338/full |
| _version_ | 1797362445700825088 |
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| author | Han Liu Han Liu Han Liu Cui Li Cui Li Cui Li Yang Lin Yang Lin Yang Lin Yi-jian Chen Zhan-jiang Zhang Zhan-jiang Zhang Kun-hua Wei Kun-hua Wei Kun-hua Wei Ming Lei Ming Lei Ming Lei |
| author_facet | Han Liu Han Liu Han Liu Cui Li Cui Li Cui Li Yang Lin Yang Lin Yang Lin Yi-jian Chen Zhan-jiang Zhang Zhan-jiang Zhang Kun-hua Wei Kun-hua Wei Kun-hua Wei Ming Lei Ming Lei Ming Lei |
| author_sort | Han Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Excessive Cd accumulation in soil reduces the production of numerous plants, such as Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., which is an important and widely cultivated medicinal plant whose roots and rhizomes are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Applying a mixture of biochar and organic fertilizers improved the overall health of the Cd-contaminated soil and increased the yield and quality of Sophora. However, the underlying mechanism between this mixed fertilization and the improvement of the yield and quality of Sophora remains uncovered. This study investigated the effect of biochar and organic fertilizer application (BO, biochar to organic fertilizer ratio of 1:2) on the growth of Sophora cultivated in Cd-contaminated soil. BO significantly reduced the total Cd content (TCd) in the Sophora rhizosphere soil and increased the soil water content, overall soil nutrient levels, and enzyme activities in the soil. Additionally, the α diversity of the soil bacterial community had been significantly improved after BO treatment. Soil pH, total Cd content, total carbon content, and dissolved organic carbon were the main reasons for the fluctuation of the bacterial dominant species. Further investigation demonstrated that the abundance of variable microorganisms, including Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Patescibacteria, Armatimonadetes, Subgroups_ 6, Bacillus and Bacillus_ Acidiceler, was also significantly changed in Cd-contaminated soil. All these alterations could contribute to the reduction of the Cd content and, thus, the increase of the biomass and the content of the main secondary metabolites (matrine and oxymatrine) in Sophora. Our research demonstrated that the co-application of biochar and organic fertilizer has the potential to enhance soil health and increase the productivity and quality of plants by regulating the microorganisms in Cd-contaminated soil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:08:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10edaed57f8349b2b677fbc5c6c53d73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:08:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-10edaed57f8349b2b677fbc5c6c53d732024-01-08T04:39:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2024-01-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.13343381334338Biochar and organic fertilizer drive the bacterial community to improve the productivity and quality of Sophora tonkinensis in cadmium-contaminated soilHan Liu0Han Liu1Han Liu2Cui Li3Cui Li4Cui Li5Yang Lin6Yang Lin7Yang Lin8Yi-jian Chen9Zhan-jiang Zhang10Zhan-jiang Zhang11Kun-hua Wei12Kun-hua Wei13Kun-hua Wei14Ming Lei15Ming Lei16Ming Lei17National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaNational Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaNational Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, ChinaNational Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory for High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaNational Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaNational Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaGuangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, ChinaExcessive Cd accumulation in soil reduces the production of numerous plants, such as Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., which is an important and widely cultivated medicinal plant whose roots and rhizomes are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Applying a mixture of biochar and organic fertilizers improved the overall health of the Cd-contaminated soil and increased the yield and quality of Sophora. However, the underlying mechanism between this mixed fertilization and the improvement of the yield and quality of Sophora remains uncovered. This study investigated the effect of biochar and organic fertilizer application (BO, biochar to organic fertilizer ratio of 1:2) on the growth of Sophora cultivated in Cd-contaminated soil. BO significantly reduced the total Cd content (TCd) in the Sophora rhizosphere soil and increased the soil water content, overall soil nutrient levels, and enzyme activities in the soil. Additionally, the α diversity of the soil bacterial community had been significantly improved after BO treatment. Soil pH, total Cd content, total carbon content, and dissolved organic carbon were the main reasons for the fluctuation of the bacterial dominant species. Further investigation demonstrated that the abundance of variable microorganisms, including Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Patescibacteria, Armatimonadetes, Subgroups_ 6, Bacillus and Bacillus_ Acidiceler, was also significantly changed in Cd-contaminated soil. All these alterations could contribute to the reduction of the Cd content and, thus, the increase of the biomass and the content of the main secondary metabolites (matrine and oxymatrine) in Sophora. Our research demonstrated that the co-application of biochar and organic fertilizer has the potential to enhance soil health and increase the productivity and quality of plants by regulating the microorganisms in Cd-contaminated soil.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1334338/fullbiochar and organic fertilizercadmium-contaminated soilSophora tonkinensisbacterial communityyield and quality |
| spellingShingle | Han Liu Han Liu Han Liu Cui Li Cui Li Cui Li Yang Lin Yang Lin Yang Lin Yi-jian Chen Zhan-jiang Zhang Zhan-jiang Zhang Kun-hua Wei Kun-hua Wei Kun-hua Wei Ming Lei Ming Lei Ming Lei Biochar and organic fertilizer drive the bacterial community to improve the productivity and quality of Sophora tonkinensis in cadmium-contaminated soil Frontiers in Microbiology biochar and organic fertilizer cadmium-contaminated soil Sophora tonkinensis bacterial community yield and quality |
| title | Biochar and organic fertilizer drive the bacterial community to improve the productivity and quality of Sophora tonkinensis in cadmium-contaminated soil |
| title_full | Biochar and organic fertilizer drive the bacterial community to improve the productivity and quality of Sophora tonkinensis in cadmium-contaminated soil |
| title_fullStr | Biochar and organic fertilizer drive the bacterial community to improve the productivity and quality of Sophora tonkinensis in cadmium-contaminated soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biochar and organic fertilizer drive the bacterial community to improve the productivity and quality of Sophora tonkinensis in cadmium-contaminated soil |
| title_short | Biochar and organic fertilizer drive the bacterial community to improve the productivity and quality of Sophora tonkinensis in cadmium-contaminated soil |
| title_sort | biochar and organic fertilizer drive the bacterial community to improve the productivity and quality of sophora tonkinensis in cadmium contaminated soil |
| topic | biochar and organic fertilizer cadmium-contaminated soil Sophora tonkinensis bacterial community yield and quality |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1334338/full |
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