Authigenic mineralization in Surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruption
Abstract Alteration of basaltic glass and in situ mineral growth are fundamental processes that influence the chemical and material properties of Earth’s oceanic crust. These processes have evolved at the basaltic island of Surtsey (SW Iceland) since eruptions terminated in 1967. Here, subaerial and...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47439-4 |
| _version_ | 1827399506171265024 |
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| author | Giovanna Montesano Concetta Rispoli Paola Petrosino Marie D. Jackson Tobias B. Weisenberger Magnús T. Gudmundsson Piergiulio Cappelletti |
| author_facet | Giovanna Montesano Concetta Rispoli Paola Petrosino Marie D. Jackson Tobias B. Weisenberger Magnús T. Gudmundsson Piergiulio Cappelletti |
| author_sort | Giovanna Montesano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Alteration of basaltic glass and in situ mineral growth are fundamental processes that influence the chemical and material properties of Earth’s oceanic crust. These processes have evolved at the basaltic island of Surtsey (SW Iceland) since eruptions terminated in 1967. Here, subaerial and submarine lapilli tuff samples from a 192 m-deep borehole drilled in 2017 (SE-02b) are characterized through petrographic studies, X-ray powder diffraction analyses, and SEM–EDS imaging and chemical analyses. The integrated results reveal (i) multi-stage palagonitization processes in basaltic glass and precipitation of secondary minerals from matrix pore fluids, (ii) multi-stage crystallization of secondary phillipsite, analcime and Al-tobermorite in the vesicles of basaltic pyroclasts and (iii) variations in palagonitization processes as a function of thermal and hydrological domains. Although temperature appears to be an important factor in controlling rates of secondary mineralization, the chemistry of original basaltic components and interstitial fluids also influences reaction pathways in the young pyroclastic deposits. The integration of systematic mineralogical analyses of the 50-year-old tuff from one of the most carefully monitored volcanic sites on Earth, together with temperature monitoring in boreholes since 1980, provide a reference framework for evaluating mineralogical evolution in other Surtseyan-type volcanoes worldwide. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:47:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10f10219cfbd4015b24a7552cc9789c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:47:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-10f10219cfbd4015b24a7552cc9789c62023-12-24T12:16:00ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-12-0113111910.1038/s41598-023-47439-4Authigenic mineralization in Surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruptionGiovanna Montesano0Concetta Rispoli1Paola Petrosino2Marie D. Jackson3Tobias B. Weisenberger4Magnús T. Gudmundsson5Piergiulio Cappelletti6Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIDepartment of Geology and Geophysics, University of UtahInstitute of Earth Sciences, University of IcelandInstitute of Earth Sciences, University of IcelandDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIAbstract Alteration of basaltic glass and in situ mineral growth are fundamental processes that influence the chemical and material properties of Earth’s oceanic crust. These processes have evolved at the basaltic island of Surtsey (SW Iceland) since eruptions terminated in 1967. Here, subaerial and submarine lapilli tuff samples from a 192 m-deep borehole drilled in 2017 (SE-02b) are characterized through petrographic studies, X-ray powder diffraction analyses, and SEM–EDS imaging and chemical analyses. The integrated results reveal (i) multi-stage palagonitization processes in basaltic glass and precipitation of secondary minerals from matrix pore fluids, (ii) multi-stage crystallization of secondary phillipsite, analcime and Al-tobermorite in the vesicles of basaltic pyroclasts and (iii) variations in palagonitization processes as a function of thermal and hydrological domains. Although temperature appears to be an important factor in controlling rates of secondary mineralization, the chemistry of original basaltic components and interstitial fluids also influences reaction pathways in the young pyroclastic deposits. The integration of systematic mineralogical analyses of the 50-year-old tuff from one of the most carefully monitored volcanic sites on Earth, together with temperature monitoring in boreholes since 1980, provide a reference framework for evaluating mineralogical evolution in other Surtseyan-type volcanoes worldwide.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47439-4 |
| spellingShingle | Giovanna Montesano Concetta Rispoli Paola Petrosino Marie D. Jackson Tobias B. Weisenberger Magnús T. Gudmundsson Piergiulio Cappelletti Authigenic mineralization in Surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruption Scientific Reports |
| title | Authigenic mineralization in Surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruption |
| title_full | Authigenic mineralization in Surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruption |
| title_fullStr | Authigenic mineralization in Surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Authigenic mineralization in Surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruption |
| title_short | Authigenic mineralization in Surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruption |
| title_sort | authigenic mineralization in surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruption |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47439-4 |
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