Arsenic in Portuguese Rice: Is There Any Risk?
Arsenic is a metalloid with natural and anthropogenic sources and its inorganic form is toxic to humans. Rice is highly consumed worldwide and is prone to arsenic contamination; therefore, this study evaluated the inorganic arsenic content of 70 Portuguese rice samples. These were analysed through i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/3/277 |
| _version_ | 1797487818149199872 |
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| author | Alexandra Silva André Pereira Liliana Silva Angelina Pena |
| author_facet | Alexandra Silva André Pereira Liliana Silva Angelina Pena |
| author_sort | Alexandra Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arsenic is a metalloid with natural and anthropogenic sources and its inorganic form is toxic to humans. Rice is highly consumed worldwide and is prone to arsenic contamination; therefore, this study evaluated the inorganic arsenic content of 70 Portuguese rice samples. These were analysed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with a detection limit of 3.3 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>. The average contamination was of 29.3 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, with brown and short rice presenting higher values than white and long rice. The highest concentration, 100 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, equalled the maximum residue limit (MRL) for rice destined for infants’ consumption. The estimated daily intake (EDI) surpassed the benchmark dose (lower confidence limit 10%) (BMDL<sub>10</sub>) of 0.3 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> of bw/day considering children in the 95th percentile of rice consumption and the worst-case scenario concentration. However, other sources also contribute to the EDI and some population groups can exceed the BMDL<sub>10</sub>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:54:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10f4a405e6f044089a2aeec64bbed6ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:54:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-10f4a405e6f044089a2aeec64bbed6ab2023-11-23T16:28:16ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-01-0111327710.3390/foods11030277Arsenic in Portuguese Rice: Is There Any Risk?Alexandra Silva0André Pereira1Liliana Silva2Angelina Pena3LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalArsenic is a metalloid with natural and anthropogenic sources and its inorganic form is toxic to humans. Rice is highly consumed worldwide and is prone to arsenic contamination; therefore, this study evaluated the inorganic arsenic content of 70 Portuguese rice samples. These were analysed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with a detection limit of 3.3 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>. The average contamination was of 29.3 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, with brown and short rice presenting higher values than white and long rice. The highest concentration, 100 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, equalled the maximum residue limit (MRL) for rice destined for infants’ consumption. The estimated daily intake (EDI) surpassed the benchmark dose (lower confidence limit 10%) (BMDL<sub>10</sub>) of 0.3 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> of bw/day considering children in the 95th percentile of rice consumption and the worst-case scenario concentration. However, other sources also contribute to the EDI and some population groups can exceed the BMDL<sub>10</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/3/277arsenicriceenvironmental contaminantsestimated daily intakerisk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Silva André Pereira Liliana Silva Angelina Pena Arsenic in Portuguese Rice: Is There Any Risk? Foods arsenic rice environmental contaminants estimated daily intake risk assessment |
| title | Arsenic in Portuguese Rice: Is There Any Risk? |
| title_full | Arsenic in Portuguese Rice: Is There Any Risk? |
| title_fullStr | Arsenic in Portuguese Rice: Is There Any Risk? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Arsenic in Portuguese Rice: Is There Any Risk? |
| title_short | Arsenic in Portuguese Rice: Is There Any Risk? |
| title_sort | arsenic in portuguese rice is there any risk |
| topic | arsenic rice environmental contaminants estimated daily intake risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/3/277 |
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