Applicability of Different Double-Layer Models for the Performance Assessment of the Capacitive Energy Extraction Based on Double Layer Expansion (CDLE) Technique
Capacitive energy extraction based on double layer expansion (CDLE) is a renewable method of harvesting energy from the salinity difference between seawater and freshwater. It is based on the change in properties of the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the electrode surface when the concentrati...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5828 |
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| author | Zhi Zou Longcheng Liu Shuo Meng Xiaolei Bian Yongmei Li |
| author_facet | Zhi Zou Longcheng Liu Shuo Meng Xiaolei Bian Yongmei Li |
| author_sort | Zhi Zou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Capacitive energy extraction based on double layer expansion (CDLE) is a renewable method of harvesting energy from the salinity difference between seawater and freshwater. It is based on the change in properties of the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the electrode surface when the concentration of the solution is changed. Many theoretical models have been developed to describe the structural and thermodynamic properties of the EDL at equilibrium, e.g., the Gouy–Chapman–Stern (GCS), Modified Poisson–Boltzmann–Stern (MPBS), modified Donnan (mD) and improved modified Donnan (i-mD) models. To evaluate the applicability of these models, especially the rationality and the physical interpretation of the parameters that were used in these models, a series of single-pass and full-cycle experiments were performed. The experimental results were compared with the numerical simulations of different EDL models. The analysis suggested that, with optimized parameters, all the EDL models we examined can well explain the equilibrium charge–voltage relation of the single-pass experiment. The GCS and MPBS models involve, however, the use of physically unreasonable parameter values. By comparison, the i-mD model is the most recommended one because of its accuracy in the results and the meaning of the parameters. Nonetheless, the i-mD model alone failed to simulate the energy production of the full-cycle CDLE experiments. Future research regarding the i-mD model is required to understand the process of the CDLE technique better. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:42:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10f58613bda34d7da49c6aefce66071e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:42:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-10f58613bda34d7da49c6aefce66071e2023-11-22T12:53:42ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-09-011418582810.3390/en14185828Applicability of Different Double-Layer Models for the Performance Assessment of the Capacitive Energy Extraction Based on Double Layer Expansion (CDLE) TechniqueZhi Zou0Longcheng Liu1Shuo Meng2Xiaolei Bian3Yongmei Li4Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, SwedenSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, SwedenSchool of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, ChinaCapacitive energy extraction based on double layer expansion (CDLE) is a renewable method of harvesting energy from the salinity difference between seawater and freshwater. It is based on the change in properties of the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the electrode surface when the concentration of the solution is changed. Many theoretical models have been developed to describe the structural and thermodynamic properties of the EDL at equilibrium, e.g., the Gouy–Chapman–Stern (GCS), Modified Poisson–Boltzmann–Stern (MPBS), modified Donnan (mD) and improved modified Donnan (i-mD) models. To evaluate the applicability of these models, especially the rationality and the physical interpretation of the parameters that were used in these models, a series of single-pass and full-cycle experiments were performed. The experimental results were compared with the numerical simulations of different EDL models. The analysis suggested that, with optimized parameters, all the EDL models we examined can well explain the equilibrium charge–voltage relation of the single-pass experiment. The GCS and MPBS models involve, however, the use of physically unreasonable parameter values. By comparison, the i-mD model is the most recommended one because of its accuracy in the results and the meaning of the parameters. Nonetheless, the i-mD model alone failed to simulate the energy production of the full-cycle CDLE experiments. Future research regarding the i-mD model is required to understand the process of the CDLE technique better.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5828CapMixCDLEelectric double layersalinity difference energymodified Donnan |
| spellingShingle | Zhi Zou Longcheng Liu Shuo Meng Xiaolei Bian Yongmei Li Applicability of Different Double-Layer Models for the Performance Assessment of the Capacitive Energy Extraction Based on Double Layer Expansion (CDLE) Technique Energies CapMix CDLE electric double layer salinity difference energy modified Donnan |
| title | Applicability of Different Double-Layer Models for the Performance Assessment of the Capacitive Energy Extraction Based on Double Layer Expansion (CDLE) Technique |
| title_full | Applicability of Different Double-Layer Models for the Performance Assessment of the Capacitive Energy Extraction Based on Double Layer Expansion (CDLE) Technique |
| title_fullStr | Applicability of Different Double-Layer Models for the Performance Assessment of the Capacitive Energy Extraction Based on Double Layer Expansion (CDLE) Technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applicability of Different Double-Layer Models for the Performance Assessment of the Capacitive Energy Extraction Based on Double Layer Expansion (CDLE) Technique |
| title_short | Applicability of Different Double-Layer Models for the Performance Assessment of the Capacitive Energy Extraction Based on Double Layer Expansion (CDLE) Technique |
| title_sort | applicability of different double layer models for the performance assessment of the capacitive energy extraction based on double layer expansion cdle technique |
| topic | CapMix CDLE electric double layer salinity difference energy modified Donnan |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5828 |
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