The Analysis of Risk and Likelihood of Bioterrorism Attacks on Urban Water Infrastructure
Access to safe and sustainable water is one of the most urgent needs of citizens in all societies, particularly large cities and metropolises, and any disruption to the functioning of water infrastructure in cities, poses immediate and serious threat to citizens' security and can become a natio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | fas |
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University of Sistan and Baluchistan
2019-12-01
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| Series: | جغرافیا و آمایش شهری منطقه‌ای |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://gaij.usb.ac.ir/article_5137_5ab251e8abea36db17b0459d3cf4e895.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797798315405869056 |
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| author | zahra nasimi dr.seyed hadi zarghani dr.omid ali kharazmi |
| author_facet | zahra nasimi dr.seyed hadi zarghani dr.omid ali kharazmi |
| author_sort | zahra nasimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Access to safe and sustainable water is one of the most urgent needs of citizens in all societies, particularly large cities and metropolises, and any disruption to the functioning of water infrastructure in cities, poses immediate and serious threat to citizens' security and can become a national security issue. Terrorist acts can take many different forms and means. One of the most dangerous types of terrorism is "bioterrorism" and the use of toxic and biological substances to contaminate water supply facilities, such as water resources, treatment plants and distribution networks, which can adversely affect the health and well-being of the community and make a crisis.The results show that bioterrorism can contaminate various elements of urban water infrastructure in the supply, treatment, and transmission through lethal and pathogenic bacteria and toxins, such as anthrax, cholera, typhoid, botulinum, etc. The vulnerability and likelihood of bioterrorism attacks in each element of the water resources infrastructure were also evaluated and it was determined that there was a difference between the vulnerability. The results show the likelihood of bioterrorism attacks in different parts of the urban water infrastructure. Thus, based on the "vulnerability", among different sections of the water infrastructure, the "distribution network" of urban water is at a greater risk and based on the "likelihood of threat" the "water supply" is at a great risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:01:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-10fb73d465444e0e8f21bed9f4be4200 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2345-2277 2783-5278 |
| language | fas |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:01:44Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | University of Sistan and Baluchistan |
| record_format | Article |
| series | جغرافیا و آمایش شهری منطقه‌ای |
| spelling | doaj.art-10fb73d465444e0e8f21bed9f4be42002023-06-21T10:55:55ZfasUniversity of Sistan and Baluchistanجغرافیا و آمایش شهری منطقه‌ای2345-22772783-52782019-12-0193312514610.22111/gaij.2019.51375137The Analysis of Risk and Likelihood of Bioterrorism Attacks on Urban Water Infrastructurezahra nasimi0dr.seyed hadi zarghani1dr.omid ali kharazmi2دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایراندانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایراناستادیار مدیریت شهری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایرانAccess to safe and sustainable water is one of the most urgent needs of citizens in all societies, particularly large cities and metropolises, and any disruption to the functioning of water infrastructure in cities, poses immediate and serious threat to citizens' security and can become a national security issue. Terrorist acts can take many different forms and means. One of the most dangerous types of terrorism is "bioterrorism" and the use of toxic and biological substances to contaminate water supply facilities, such as water resources, treatment plants and distribution networks, which can adversely affect the health and well-being of the community and make a crisis.The results show that bioterrorism can contaminate various elements of urban water infrastructure in the supply, treatment, and transmission through lethal and pathogenic bacteria and toxins, such as anthrax, cholera, typhoid, botulinum, etc. The vulnerability and likelihood of bioterrorism attacks in each element of the water resources infrastructure were also evaluated and it was determined that there was a difference between the vulnerability. The results show the likelihood of bioterrorism attacks in different parts of the urban water infrastructure. Thus, based on the "vulnerability", among different sections of the water infrastructure, the "distribution network" of urban water is at a greater risk and based on the "likelihood of threat" the "water supply" is at a great risk.https://gaij.usb.ac.ir/article_5137_5ab251e8abea36db17b0459d3cf4e895.pdfsecuritythreatbioterrorismurban infrastructurewater supply |
| spellingShingle | zahra nasimi dr.seyed hadi zarghani dr.omid ali kharazmi The Analysis of Risk and Likelihood of Bioterrorism Attacks on Urban Water Infrastructure جغرافیا و آمایش شهری منطقه‌ای security threat bioterrorism urban infrastructure water supply |
| title | The Analysis of Risk and Likelihood of Bioterrorism Attacks on Urban Water Infrastructure |
| title_full | The Analysis of Risk and Likelihood of Bioterrorism Attacks on Urban Water Infrastructure |
| title_fullStr | The Analysis of Risk and Likelihood of Bioterrorism Attacks on Urban Water Infrastructure |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Analysis of Risk and Likelihood of Bioterrorism Attacks on Urban Water Infrastructure |
| title_short | The Analysis of Risk and Likelihood of Bioterrorism Attacks on Urban Water Infrastructure |
| title_sort | analysis of risk and likelihood of bioterrorism attacks on urban water infrastructure |
| topic | security threat bioterrorism urban infrastructure water supply |
| url | https://gaij.usb.ac.ir/article_5137_5ab251e8abea36db17b0459d3cf4e895.pdf |
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