A survey of Cryptosporidium prevalence among birds in two zoos in China
Background Cryptosporidiosis is an important zoonotic protozoan disease worldwide, but few studies on this disease have been performed in wild birds; thus, our knowledge of this disease is insufficient, even in zoo birds. Animals in zoos are possible zoonotic disease reservoirs, potentially resultin...
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PeerJ Inc.
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/12825.pdf |
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| author | Yaxian Lu Tianchun Pu Baohua Ma Lixin Wang Mengchao Zhou Yu Chen Xiuyun Li Changming Zheng Hetong Liu Jinpeng Liu Chunyu Guan Hongyan Yu Chunkuo Dai Yuan Huang Yuling Yang Zhiwei Peng Lei Han Hongliang Chai Zhijun Hou |
| author_facet | Yaxian Lu Tianchun Pu Baohua Ma Lixin Wang Mengchao Zhou Yu Chen Xiuyun Li Changming Zheng Hetong Liu Jinpeng Liu Chunyu Guan Hongyan Yu Chunkuo Dai Yuan Huang Yuling Yang Zhiwei Peng Lei Han Hongliang Chai Zhijun Hou |
| author_sort | Yaxian Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Cryptosporidiosis is an important zoonotic protozoan disease worldwide, but few studies on this disease have been performed in wild birds; thus, our knowledge of this disease is insufficient, even in zoo birds. Animals in zoos are possible zoonotic disease reservoirs, potentially resulting in zoonotic agent spillover to humans; accordingly, our understanding of such phenomena should be improved. Methods A total of 263 fresh fecal samples from 43 avian species were randomly collected from the Beijing Zoo and Harbin North Forest Zoo and screened for the prevalence of Cryptosporidium by 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Cryptosporidium species were distinguished based on the combined results of phylogenetic tree and genetic distance analyses conducted with the inclusion of seven avian Cryptosporidium species and 13 avian Cryptosporidium genotypes. The genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium parvum among different hosts, including humans, cattle, dogs, and birds, and the genetic diversity of avian C. parvum among avian hosts in China, Iraq and Brazil were determined based on C. parvum 18S rRNA haplotypes. Results The results of PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene revealed that 1.9% (5/263) of the samples were Cryptosporidium-positive. Four of the five Cryptosporidium-positive samples originated from white cranes (Grus leucogeranus), and one originated from a flamingo (Phoenicopteridae). Avian C. parvum isolates, including the isolates examined in the present study, showed gene flow with other isolates from different types of hosts, including humans, cattle and dogs, indicating that zoo birds potentially pose zoonotic and pathogenic risks to humans and animals. Additionally, gene flow between avian C. parvum isolates from China and Brazil was detected. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, our results demonstrate C. parvum infection in a flamingo (Phoenicopteridae) and white cranes (Grus leucogeranus) for the first time. The results of our study provide an important reference for understanding the host range, biological characteristics, and molecular epidemiology of C. parvum. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:01:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-10fd051e929d4ccca0e1dde50b0cb3d52023-12-03T00:40:25ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592022-01-0110e1282510.7717/peerj.12825A survey of Cryptosporidium prevalence among birds in two zoos in ChinaYaxian Lu0Tianchun Pu1Baohua Ma2Lixin Wang3Mengchao Zhou4Yu Chen5Xiuyun Li6Changming Zheng7Hetong Liu8Jinpeng Liu9Chunyu Guan10Hongyan Yu11Chunkuo Dai12Yuan Huang13Yuling Yang14Zhiwei Peng15Lei Han16Hongliang Chai17Zhijun Hou18Northeast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaHarbin North Forest Zoo, Harbin, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing, ChinaHarbin North Forest Zoo, Harbin, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaNortheast Forest University, Harbin, ChinaBackground Cryptosporidiosis is an important zoonotic protozoan disease worldwide, but few studies on this disease have been performed in wild birds; thus, our knowledge of this disease is insufficient, even in zoo birds. Animals in zoos are possible zoonotic disease reservoirs, potentially resulting in zoonotic agent spillover to humans; accordingly, our understanding of such phenomena should be improved. Methods A total of 263 fresh fecal samples from 43 avian species were randomly collected from the Beijing Zoo and Harbin North Forest Zoo and screened for the prevalence of Cryptosporidium by 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Cryptosporidium species were distinguished based on the combined results of phylogenetic tree and genetic distance analyses conducted with the inclusion of seven avian Cryptosporidium species and 13 avian Cryptosporidium genotypes. The genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium parvum among different hosts, including humans, cattle, dogs, and birds, and the genetic diversity of avian C. parvum among avian hosts in China, Iraq and Brazil were determined based on C. parvum 18S rRNA haplotypes. Results The results of PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene revealed that 1.9% (5/263) of the samples were Cryptosporidium-positive. Four of the five Cryptosporidium-positive samples originated from white cranes (Grus leucogeranus), and one originated from a flamingo (Phoenicopteridae). Avian C. parvum isolates, including the isolates examined in the present study, showed gene flow with other isolates from different types of hosts, including humans, cattle and dogs, indicating that zoo birds potentially pose zoonotic and pathogenic risks to humans and animals. Additionally, gene flow between avian C. parvum isolates from China and Brazil was detected. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, our results demonstrate C. parvum infection in a flamingo (Phoenicopteridae) and white cranes (Grus leucogeranus) for the first time. The results of our study provide an important reference for understanding the host range, biological characteristics, and molecular epidemiology of C. parvum.https://peerj.com/articles/12825.pdfCryptosporidium parvumWhite crane (Grus leucogeranus)Flamingo (Phoenicopteridae)Phylogenetic18S rRNA gene |
| spellingShingle | Yaxian Lu Tianchun Pu Baohua Ma Lixin Wang Mengchao Zhou Yu Chen Xiuyun Li Changming Zheng Hetong Liu Jinpeng Liu Chunyu Guan Hongyan Yu Chunkuo Dai Yuan Huang Yuling Yang Zhiwei Peng Lei Han Hongliang Chai Zhijun Hou A survey of Cryptosporidium prevalence among birds in two zoos in China PeerJ Cryptosporidium parvum White crane (Grus leucogeranus) Flamingo (Phoenicopteridae) Phylogenetic 18S rRNA gene |
| title | A survey of Cryptosporidium prevalence among birds in two zoos in China |
| title_full | A survey of Cryptosporidium prevalence among birds in two zoos in China |
| title_fullStr | A survey of Cryptosporidium prevalence among birds in two zoos in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | A survey of Cryptosporidium prevalence among birds in two zoos in China |
| title_short | A survey of Cryptosporidium prevalence among birds in two zoos in China |
| title_sort | survey of cryptosporidium prevalence among birds in two zoos in china |
| topic | Cryptosporidium parvum White crane (Grus leucogeranus) Flamingo (Phoenicopteridae) Phylogenetic 18S rRNA gene |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/12825.pdf |
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