Photonic Integrated Circuit for Optical Phase Control of 1 × 4 Terahertz Phased Arrays
In this manuscript, we report on a 1 × 4 optical beam forming network (OBFN) chip using optical phase shifters (OPSs) based on thermo-optically controlled optical ring resonators (ORRs) for 1D beam steering at 0.3 THz. The 1 × 4 OBFN chip consists of four OPSs and is fabricated using TriPleX technol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/12/902 |
| _version_ | 1797455630965932032 |
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| author | Peng Lu Thomas Haddad Jonas Tebart Chris Roeloffzen Andreas Stöhr |
| author_facet | Peng Lu Thomas Haddad Jonas Tebart Chris Roeloffzen Andreas Stöhr |
| author_sort | Peng Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this manuscript, we report on a 1 × 4 optical beam forming network (OBFN) chip using optical phase shifters (OPSs) based on thermo-optically controlled optical ring resonators (ORRs) for 1D beam steering at 0.3 THz. The 1 × 4 OBFN chip consists of four OPSs and is fabricated using TriPleX technology. Each of the four OPSs is realized by two cascaded identical ORRs, to reach a phase shift of 2π. To allow transfer of the optical phase shift to the THz domain by optical heterodyning in high-frequency 1.55 µm modified uni-travelling carrier photodiodes, the ORRs are designed such that one carrier of the optical heterodyne signal is at the ORR’s resonance frequency, whereas the second optical heterodyne signal is at its off-resonance. By adjusting the resonance frequencies of the two ORRs in each OPS synchronously, a relative phase variation between two optical heterodyne carriers of up to 2π with a tuning efficiency of 0.058 W/π, is experimentally demonstrated. Due to the dispersive power transmission loss of the ORRs, phase tuning leads to a power variation of the optical heterodyne-generated signals up to 3.8 dB, which is experimentally characterized at 0.295 THz. It is shown numerically that this power variation only has a minor impact on the steering performance of a 1 × 4 phased array. The determined beam direction deviation and maximum absolute radiation power change are smaller than 1° and 2 dB, respectively. By sweeping the phase difference between two adjacent THz antennas in the 1 × 4 phased array, from −120° to 120°, a beam steering range of ~62° is demonstrated numerically at 0.295 THz. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:57:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-11277abf787a4b25a3a9fe056a894dda |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:57:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-11277abf787a4b25a3a9fe056a894dda2023-11-24T17:24:28ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322022-11-0191290210.3390/photonics9120902Photonic Integrated Circuit for Optical Phase Control of 1 × 4 Terahertz Phased ArraysPeng Lu0Thomas Haddad1Jonas Tebart2Chris Roeloffzen3Andreas Stöhr4Department of Optoelectronics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 55, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyDepartment of Optoelectronics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 55, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyDepartment of Optoelectronics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 55, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyLioniX International BV, Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of Optoelectronics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 55, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyIn this manuscript, we report on a 1 × 4 optical beam forming network (OBFN) chip using optical phase shifters (OPSs) based on thermo-optically controlled optical ring resonators (ORRs) for 1D beam steering at 0.3 THz. The 1 × 4 OBFN chip consists of four OPSs and is fabricated using TriPleX technology. Each of the four OPSs is realized by two cascaded identical ORRs, to reach a phase shift of 2π. To allow transfer of the optical phase shift to the THz domain by optical heterodyning in high-frequency 1.55 µm modified uni-travelling carrier photodiodes, the ORRs are designed such that one carrier of the optical heterodyne signal is at the ORR’s resonance frequency, whereas the second optical heterodyne signal is at its off-resonance. By adjusting the resonance frequencies of the two ORRs in each OPS synchronously, a relative phase variation between two optical heterodyne carriers of up to 2π with a tuning efficiency of 0.058 W/π, is experimentally demonstrated. Due to the dispersive power transmission loss of the ORRs, phase tuning leads to a power variation of the optical heterodyne-generated signals up to 3.8 dB, which is experimentally characterized at 0.295 THz. It is shown numerically that this power variation only has a minor impact on the steering performance of a 1 × 4 phased array. The determined beam direction deviation and maximum absolute radiation power change are smaller than 1° and 2 dB, respectively. By sweeping the phase difference between two adjacent THz antennas in the 1 × 4 phased array, from −120° to 120°, a beam steering range of ~62° is demonstrated numerically at 0.295 THz.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/12/902THz beam steeringoptical phase shifteroptical ring resonatorTriPleXdielectric rod waveguidephased array |
| spellingShingle | Peng Lu Thomas Haddad Jonas Tebart Chris Roeloffzen Andreas Stöhr Photonic Integrated Circuit for Optical Phase Control of 1 × 4 Terahertz Phased Arrays Photonics THz beam steering optical phase shifter optical ring resonator TriPleX dielectric rod waveguide phased array |
| title | Photonic Integrated Circuit for Optical Phase Control of 1 × 4 Terahertz Phased Arrays |
| title_full | Photonic Integrated Circuit for Optical Phase Control of 1 × 4 Terahertz Phased Arrays |
| title_fullStr | Photonic Integrated Circuit for Optical Phase Control of 1 × 4 Terahertz Phased Arrays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photonic Integrated Circuit for Optical Phase Control of 1 × 4 Terahertz Phased Arrays |
| title_short | Photonic Integrated Circuit for Optical Phase Control of 1 × 4 Terahertz Phased Arrays |
| title_sort | photonic integrated circuit for optical phase control of 1 4 terahertz phased arrays |
| topic | THz beam steering optical phase shifter optical ring resonator TriPleX dielectric rod waveguide phased array |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/12/902 |
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