Study on the Differences between the Extraction Results of the Structural Parameters of Individual Trees for Different Tree Species Based on UAV LiDAR and High-Resolution RGB Images
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) points and high-resolution RGB image-derived points have been successfully used to extract tree structural parameters. However, the differences in extracting individual tree structural parameters among different tree species have not been systematically studied. I...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Drones |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/7/5/317 |
| _version_ | 1827741426695274496 |
|---|---|
| author | Haotian You Xu Tang Qixu You Yao Liu Jianjun Chen Feng Wang |
| author_facet | Haotian You Xu Tang Qixu You Yao Liu Jianjun Chen Feng Wang |
| author_sort | Haotian You |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) points and high-resolution RGB image-derived points have been successfully used to extract tree structural parameters. However, the differences in extracting individual tree structural parameters among different tree species have not been systematically studied. In this study, LiDAR data and images were collected using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to explore the differences in digital elevation model (DEM) and digital surface models (DSM) generation and tree structural parameter extraction for different tree species. It was found that the DEMs generated based on both forms of data, LiDAR and image, exhibited high correlations with the field-measured elevation, with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.97 and 0.95, and an RMSE of 0.24 and 0.28 m, respectively. In addition, the differences between the DSMs are small in non-vegetation areas, whereas the differences are relatively large in vegetation areas. The extraction results of individual tree crown width and height based on two kinds of data are similar when all tree species are considered. However, for different tree species, the Cinnamomum camphora exhibits the greatest accuracy in terms of crown width extraction, with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.94 and 0.90, and an RMSE of 0.77 and 0.70 m for LiDAR and image points, respectively. In comparison, for tree height extraction, the Magnolia grandiflora exhibits the highest accuracy, with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.89 and 0.90, and an RMSE of 0.57 and 0.55 m for LiDAR and image points, respectively. The results indicate that both LiDAR and image points can generate an accurate DEM and DSM. The differences in the DEMs and DSMs between the two data types are relatively large in vegetation areas, while they are small in non-vegetation areas. There are significant differences in the extraction results of tree height and crown width between the two data sets among different tree species. The results will provide technical guidance for low-cost forest resource investigation and monitoring. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:47:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-11278f2826b74739bffc1eee4170e6f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-446X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:47:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Drones |
| spelling | doaj.art-11278f2826b74739bffc1eee4170e6f52023-11-18T01:07:14ZengMDPI AGDrones2504-446X2023-05-017531710.3390/drones7050317Study on the Differences between the Extraction Results of the Structural Parameters of Individual Trees for Different Tree Species Based on UAV LiDAR and High-Resolution RGB ImagesHaotian You0Xu Tang1Qixu You2Yao Liu3Jianjun Chen4Feng Wang5College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, No. 12 Jian’gan Road, Guilin 541006, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, No. 12 Jian’gan Road, Guilin 541006, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, No. 12 Jian’gan Road, Guilin 541006, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, No. 12 Jian’gan Road, Guilin 541006, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, No. 12 Jian’gan Road, Guilin 541006, ChinaCollege of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, No. 12 Jian’gan Road, Guilin 541006, ChinaLight Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) points and high-resolution RGB image-derived points have been successfully used to extract tree structural parameters. However, the differences in extracting individual tree structural parameters among different tree species have not been systematically studied. In this study, LiDAR data and images were collected using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to explore the differences in digital elevation model (DEM) and digital surface models (DSM) generation and tree structural parameter extraction for different tree species. It was found that the DEMs generated based on both forms of data, LiDAR and image, exhibited high correlations with the field-measured elevation, with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.97 and 0.95, and an RMSE of 0.24 and 0.28 m, respectively. In addition, the differences between the DSMs are small in non-vegetation areas, whereas the differences are relatively large in vegetation areas. The extraction results of individual tree crown width and height based on two kinds of data are similar when all tree species are considered. However, for different tree species, the Cinnamomum camphora exhibits the greatest accuracy in terms of crown width extraction, with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.94 and 0.90, and an RMSE of 0.77 and 0.70 m for LiDAR and image points, respectively. In comparison, for tree height extraction, the Magnolia grandiflora exhibits the highest accuracy, with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.89 and 0.90, and an RMSE of 0.57 and 0.55 m for LiDAR and image points, respectively. The results indicate that both LiDAR and image points can generate an accurate DEM and DSM. The differences in the DEMs and DSMs between the two data types are relatively large in vegetation areas, while they are small in non-vegetation areas. There are significant differences in the extraction results of tree height and crown width between the two data sets among different tree species. The results will provide technical guidance for low-cost forest resource investigation and monitoring.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/7/5/317UAV LiDARhigh-resolution RGB imagesDEMDSMindividual tree structural parametersdifferent tree species |
| spellingShingle | Haotian You Xu Tang Qixu You Yao Liu Jianjun Chen Feng Wang Study on the Differences between the Extraction Results of the Structural Parameters of Individual Trees for Different Tree Species Based on UAV LiDAR and High-Resolution RGB Images Drones UAV LiDAR high-resolution RGB images DEM DSM individual tree structural parameters different tree species |
| title | Study on the Differences between the Extraction Results of the Structural Parameters of Individual Trees for Different Tree Species Based on UAV LiDAR and High-Resolution RGB Images |
| title_full | Study on the Differences between the Extraction Results of the Structural Parameters of Individual Trees for Different Tree Species Based on UAV LiDAR and High-Resolution RGB Images |
| title_fullStr | Study on the Differences between the Extraction Results of the Structural Parameters of Individual Trees for Different Tree Species Based on UAV LiDAR and High-Resolution RGB Images |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on the Differences between the Extraction Results of the Structural Parameters of Individual Trees for Different Tree Species Based on UAV LiDAR and High-Resolution RGB Images |
| title_short | Study on the Differences between the Extraction Results of the Structural Parameters of Individual Trees for Different Tree Species Based on UAV LiDAR and High-Resolution RGB Images |
| title_sort | study on the differences between the extraction results of the structural parameters of individual trees for different tree species based on uav lidar and high resolution rgb images |
| topic | UAV LiDAR high-resolution RGB images DEM DSM individual tree structural parameters different tree species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/7/5/317 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT haotianyou studyonthedifferencesbetweentheextractionresultsofthestructuralparametersofindividualtreesfordifferenttreespeciesbasedonuavlidarandhighresolutionrgbimages AT xutang studyonthedifferencesbetweentheextractionresultsofthestructuralparametersofindividualtreesfordifferenttreespeciesbasedonuavlidarandhighresolutionrgbimages AT qixuyou studyonthedifferencesbetweentheextractionresultsofthestructuralparametersofindividualtreesfordifferenttreespeciesbasedonuavlidarandhighresolutionrgbimages AT yaoliu studyonthedifferencesbetweentheextractionresultsofthestructuralparametersofindividualtreesfordifferenttreespeciesbasedonuavlidarandhighresolutionrgbimages AT jianjunchen studyonthedifferencesbetweentheextractionresultsofthestructuralparametersofindividualtreesfordifferenttreespeciesbasedonuavlidarandhighresolutionrgbimages AT fengwang studyonthedifferencesbetweentheextractionresultsofthestructuralparametersofindividualtreesfordifferenttreespeciesbasedonuavlidarandhighresolutionrgbimages |